Anderson, Marsten. The Limits of Realism: Chinese Fiction in the Revolutionary Period. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Anagnost, Ann. National Past-Times: Narrative, Representation, and Power in Modern China. Durham: Duke University Press, 1998.

Ang, Ien. "Can One Say No to Chineseness? Pushing the Limits of the Diasporic Paradigm." Boundary 2. Special Issue ed. Rey Chow. 25, 2 (Fall 1998): 47-76.

Barlow, Tani E. The Question of Women in Chinese Feminism. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004. [MCLC Resource Center review by Megan M. Ferry]

[A history of thinking about the subject of women in twentieth-century China. Barlow illustrates the theories and conceptual categories that Enlightenment Chinese intellectuals have developed to describe the collectivity of women. Demonstrating how generations of these theorists have engaged with international debates over eugenics, gender, sexuality, and the psyche, Barlow argues that as an Enlightenment project, feminist debate in China is at once Chinese and international. Noting the eugenicist roots of much twentieth-century feminist thought, she describes how the emergence of the social sciences in the 1920s, in China and elsewhere, lent the liberation of women a particular urgency by suggesting that the health of nations and races rested in part on the biological mechanisms of natural selection and therefore on women's responsibility to select sexual partners.]

Benton, Gregor and Alan Hunter. Wild Lily, Prairie Fire: China's Road to Democracy, Yan'an to Tian'anmen, 1942-1989. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1995.

Berry, Michael. A History of Pain: Literary and Cinematic Mappings of Violence in Modern China. Ph. D. diss. New York: Columbia University, 2004.

Birch, Cyril. "Change and Continuity in Chnese Fiction." In M. Goldman, ed., Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era. Cambridge, MA: HUP, 1977, 385-406.

Braester, Yomi. Witness Against History: Literature, Film, and Public Discourse in Twentieth-Century China. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2003.

Button, Peter. Configurations of the Real in Chinese Literary and Aesthetic Modernity. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

[Abstract: The emergence of the Chinese socialist realist novel can best be understoodin light of the half-century long formation of the modern concept ofliterature in China. Globalized in the wake of modern capitalism, literary modernity configures the literary text in a relationship to both modern philosophy and literary theory. This book traces China's unique, complex, and creative articulation of literary modernity beginning with Lu Xun's “The True Story of Ah Q.” Cai Yi's aesthetic theory of the type (dianxing) and the image (xingxiang) is then explored in relation to global currents in literary thought and philosophy, making possible a fundamental rethinking of Chinese socialist realist novels like Yang Mo's Song of Youth and Luo Guangbin and Yan Yiyan's Red Crag.]

Chan, Leo Tak-Hung. "First Imitate, then Translate: Histories of the Introduction of Stream-of-Consciousness Fiction to China." Meta 49, 3 (Sept. 2004).

Chang, Shuei-May, ed. Casting Off the Shackles of Family: Ibsen's Nora Figure in Modern Chinese Literature, 1918-1942. Peter Lang, 2002.

Chen, Xiaomei. Occidentalism: A Theory of Counterdiscourse in Post-Mao China. NY: Oxford UP, 1995.

-----. "Introduction to Occidentalism." In Diana Bryden, ed., Postcolonialism: Critical Concepts in Literary and Cultural Studies. NY: Routledge, 2000.

Chen, Maiping. "The Individual in the Shadow of the Whole: The Self in Modern Chinese Literature." Stockholm Journal of East Asian Studies 6 (1995): 39-70.

Chen, Sihe. "On 'Invisible Writing' in the History of Contemporary Chinese Literature 1949-1976." Tr. Hongbing Zhang. MCLC Resource Center Publication, 2000.

Chen-Andro, Chantal. Les grands probèmes du roman en Chine au 20e siècle, in Litteratures d'extrême- orient au xxe siècle. Arles: Philippe Picquier, 1993.

Chi, Ta-wei. "Performers of the Paternal Past: History, Female Impersonators, and Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction." positions: east asia cultures critque 15, 3 (Winter 2007): 580-608.

[deals with the following texts: Ba Jin's Jiliu sanbuqu (Torrent trilogy; 1931, 1938, 1940), Wang Dulu's Yanshi xialing (Peking chivalric entertainer; 1948), Qin Shou'ou's Qiuhaitang (Begonia; 1942), Lilian Lee's Bawang bieji (Farewell my concubine; 1985), and Ling Li's Mengduan guanhe (Dreams broken across China; 1999)]

Chi, Pang-yuan and David Der-wei Wang, eds. Chinese Literature in the Second Half of a Modern Century: A Critical Survey. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000.

Chow, Rey. "Introduction: On Chineseness as a Theoretical Problem." Boundary 2. Special Issue ed. Rey Chow. 25, 2 (Fall 1998): 1-24.

-----. ed. Modern Chinese Literary and Cultural Studies in the Age of Theory: Reimagining a Field. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000. Originally published as special issue of boundary 2 25, 3 (1998).

Chung, Hilary, ed. In the Party Spirit: Socialist Realism and Literary Practice in the Soviet Union, East Germany, and China. Amsterdam: Editions Rodolpi, 1996.

Cohen, Myron. "Cultural and Political Inventions in Modern China: The Case of the Chinese 'Peasant.'" Daedalus 122, 2 (1993): 151-70.

Denton, Kirk A. The Problematic of Self in Modern Chinese Literature: Hu Feng and Lu Ling. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

Diefenbach, Thilo. Kontext der Gewalt in moderner chinesicher Literatur (Context of force in modern Chinese literature). Weisbaden: Harrasowitz, 2004.

Dikotter, Frank. Sex, Culture, and Modernity in China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1995.

-----. "Culture, Race, and Nation: The Formation of National Identity in Twentieth Century China." The Journal of International Affairs. Special issue on contemporary China (Winter 1996).

Dolezalova, Anna. "Periodization of Modern Chinese Literature." Asian and African Studies (Bratislava) 14 (1978): 27-32.

-----. "Suggestions Regarding Periodization of Liteature in the People's Republic of China." Asian and African Studies (Bratislava) 16 (1980): 153-59.

Dolezelova-Velingerova, Milena. "The Origins of Modern Chinese Literature." In Merle Goldman, ed., Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1977, 17-36.

Dooling, Amy. Women's Literary Feminism in Twentieth Century China. NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005.

[Description: This is a critical inquiry into the connections between emergent feminist ideologies in China and the production of 'modern' women's writing from the demise of the last imperial dynasty to the founding of the PRC. It accentuates both well-known and under-represented literary voices who intervened in the gender debates of their generation as well as contextualises the stategies used in imagining alternative stories of female experience and potential. It asks two questions: First, how did the advent of enlightened views of gender relations and sexuality influence literary practices of 'new women' in terms of narrative forms and strategies, readership, and publication venues? Second, how do these representations attest to the way these female intellectuals engaged and expanded social and political concerns from the personal to the national? Contents: Introduction: Women and Feminism in the Literary History of Early Twentieth-century China; National Imaginaries: Feminist Fantasies at the Turn-of-the-Century; The New Woman's Woman Love and/or Revolution?: Fictions of the Feminine Self in the 1930s Cultural Left; Outwitting Patriarchy: Comic Narrative Strategies in the Works of Yang Jiang, Su Qing, and Zhang Ailing; A World Still to Win]

Eber, Irene. "Images of Oppressed Peoples and Modern Chinese Literature." In Merle Goldman, ed., Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1977, 17-36.

Esherick, Joseph, ed. Remaking the Chinese City: Modernity and National Identity, 1900-1950. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2000.

Fan, Shouyi. "Translation of English Fiction and Drama in Modern China: Social Context, Literary Trends and Impact." Meta XLIV, 1 (1999).

-----. "Highlights of Translation Studies in China Since the Mid Nineteenth Century." Meta XLIV, 1 (1999).

Farquhar, Mary Ann. "Through the Looking Glass: Children's Stories and Social Change in China, 1918-1976." In Gungwu Wang, ed., Society and the Writer: Essays on Literature in Modern Asia. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, 1981, 173-198.

-----. Children's Literature in China: From Lu Xun to Mao Zedong. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1998.

Feng, Jin. "Narrating Suffering, Constructing Chinese Modernity: The Emergence of the Modern Subject in Chinese Literature." East Asia 18, 1 (Spring 2000): 82-109.

Feuerwerker, Yi-tsi Mei. "Tradition and Experiment in Modern Chinese Literature." In Albert Feuerwerker, ed., Modern China. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1964.

-----. Ideology, Power, Text: Self-Representation and the Peasant "Other" in Modern Chinese Literature. Stanford: SUP, 1998.

Findeison, Raoul. "Kairos or the Due Time: On Date, Dates, and Dating in Modern Chinese Literature." In Findeison and Gassmann, eds., Autumn Floods: Essays in Honour of Marian Galik. Bern: Peter Lang, 1997.

-----. "Anarchist or Saint? On the Spread of "Wisdom" (Sophia) in Modern Chinese Literature." Asiatica Venetiana 3 (1998).

Foster, Paul B. "Ah Q Progeny--Son of Ah Q, Modern Ah Q, Miss Ah Q, Sequels to Ah Q--Post-1949 Creative Intersections with the Ah Discourse." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 16, 2, (Fall 2004): 184-234

Fruehauf, Heinrich. "Urban Exoticism in Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature." In Ellen Widmer and David Wang, eds., From May Fourth to June Fourth: Fiction and Film in Twentiety-Century China. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1993, 133-64.

Galik, Marian. Preliminary Research-Guide: German Impact on Modern Chinese Intellectual History. Munich: Seminar für Ostasiatische Kultur- und Sprachwissenschaft, 1971.

----. "Mayakovsky in China." Asian and African Studies (Bratislava) 14 (1978): 159-74.

-----. "Goethe in China (1932)." Asian and African Studies (Bratislava) 14 (1978): 11-25.

-----. Milestones in Sino-Western Literary Confrontation (1898-1979). Weisbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1986.

Galikowski, Maria. Art and Politics in China, 1949-1984. HK: Chinese University of HK Press, 1998.

Gasster, Michael. "Intellectuals, Revolution, Modernization: Reflections on Twentieth-Century China." In David C. Buxbaum and Frederick W. Mote, eds., Transition and Permanence: Chinese History and Culture. HK: Cathay Press, 1972, 103-22.

Goldman, Merle and Leo Ou-fan Lee. An Intellectual History of Modern China. NY: Cambridge UP, forthcoming.

Gunn, Edward. Rewriting Chinese: Style and Innovation in Twentieth-Century Chinese Prose. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1991.

-----. "Gender and Performativity in Contemporary Narratives from Taiwan and China." In Sung-sheng Yvonne Chang and Michelle Yeh, eds., Contemporary Chinese Literature: Crossing the Boundaries. Special issue of Literature East and West. Austin, TX: Department of Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures, 1995, 5-24.

Hagenaar, Elly. Stream of Consciousness and Free Indirect Discourse in Modern Chinese Literature. Leiden: Centre of Non-Western Studies, Leiden University.

He, Chengzhou. Henrik Ibsen and Modern Chinese Drama. Oslo: Unipub AS, 2004. [pdf file downlaod from Ibsen in China website]

Hockx, Michel, ed. The Literary Field in Twentieth-Century China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1999.

Hodge, Bob and Kam Louie. The Politics of Chinese Language and Culture: The Art of Reading Dragons. NY: Routledge, 1998.

Hsia, Adrian. Kafka and China. Bern: Peter Lang, 1996.

Huang, Alexander C. Y. Chinese Shakespears: Two Centuries of Cultural Exchange. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.

[Abstract: For close to two hundred years, the ideas of Shakespeare have inspired incredible work in the literature, fiction, theater, and cinema of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. From the novels of Lao She and Lin Shu to Lu Xun's search for a Chinese "Shakespeare," and from Feng Xiaogang's martial arts films to labor camp memoirs, Soviet-Chinese theater, Chinese opera in Europe, and silent film, Shakespeare has been put to work in unexpected places, yielding a rich trove of transnational imagery and paradoxical citations in popular and political culture. Chinese Shakespeares is the first book to concentrate on both Shakespearean performance and Shakespeare's appearance in Sinophone culture and their ambiguous relationship to the postcolonial question. Substantiated by case studies of major cultural events and texts from the first Opium War in 1839 to our times, Chinese Shakespeares theorizes competing visions of "China" and "Shakespeare" in the global cultural marketplace and challenges the logic of fidelity-based criticism and the myth of cultural exclusivity. In his critique of the locality and ideological investments of authenticity in nationalism, modernity, Marxism, and personal identities, Huang reveals the truly transformative power of Chinese Shakespeares.]

Huters, Theodore. "Lives in Profile: On the Authorial Voice in Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature." In E. Widmer and D. Wang, eds., From May Fourth to June Fourth: Fiction and Film in Twentieth-Century China. Cambridge: HUP, 1993, 269-94.

-----, ed. Reading the Modern Chinese Short Story. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1990.

Ip, Hung-yok. "Politics and Individuality in Communist Revolutionary Culture." Modern China 23, 1 (Jan. 1997): 33-68.

Isaacs, Harold R. Re-encounters in China: Notes of a Journey in a Time Capsule. HK: Joint Publishing, 1985. [Memoir of Isaacs return to China in 1980; includes accounts of meetings with Mao Dun, Ding Ling, reflections on Lu Xun]

Kelley, David. "The Chinese Search for Freedom as a Universal Value." In D. Kelley and Anthony Reid, eds., The Idea of Freedom in East and South East Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998, 93-120.

Kinkley, Jeffrey. Chinese Justice, the Fiction: Law and Literature in Modern China. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2000.

Kahn-Ackermann, Michael. "'How Do You Recognize Reality?': Issues in Contemporary Chinese Literature." In Noth, Jochen, et.al., eds. China Avant-garde: Counter-currents in Art and Culture. HK, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, 63-68.

Knight, Sabina. The Heart of Time: Moral Agency in Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2006. [Publisher's blurb]

Kubin, Wolfgang, ed. Symbols of Anguish: In Search of Melancholy in China. Bern: Peter Lang, 2001. [contains articles on Zhang Ailing, Liu E, Lu Xun, late Qing and early Republican poetry, and exile]

Kubin, W. and R. Wagner, eds. Essays in Modern Chinese Literature and Literary Criticism. Bochum: Brockmeyer, 1982.

Larson, Wendy. Literary Authority and the Modern Chinese Writer: Ambivalence and Autobiography. Durham: Duke UP, 1991.

-----. From Ah Q to Lei Feng: Freud and Revolutionary Spirit in 20th Century China. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2009.

[Abstract: When Freudian sexual theory hit China in the early 20th century, it ran up against competing models of the mind from both Chinese tradition and the new revolutionary culture. Chinese theorists of the mind—both traditional intellectuals and revolutionary psychologists— steadily put forward the anti-Freud: a mind shaped not by deep interiority that must be excavated by professionals, but shaped instead by social and cultural interactions. Chinese novelists and film directors understood this focus and its relationship to Mao's revolutionary ethos, and much of the literature of twentieth-century China reflects the spiritual qualities of the revolutionary mind. From Ah Q to Lei Feng investigates the continual clash of these contrasting models of the mind provided by Freud and revolutionary Chinese culture, and explores how writers and filmmakers negotiated with the implications of each model.]

Larson, Wendy, and Anne Wedell-Wedellsborg, eds. Inside Out: Modernism and Postmodernism in Chinese Literary Culture. Aarhus: Aarhus UP, 1993.

-----. "The Self Loving the Self: Men and Connoisseurship in Modern Chinese Literature." In Susan Brownell and Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, eds. Chinese Femininities, Chinese Masculinities: A Reader. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002, 175-97.

Laughlin, Charles, ed. Contested Modernities in Chinese Literature. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. [Palgrave website abstract]

Laurence, Patricia. Lily Briscoe's Chinese Eyes: Bloomsbury, Modernism and China. Columbia: U of South Carolina Press, 2003.

Lee, Gregory. "Contemporary Chinese Poetry and the Nobel Prize, 1990." [a transcript of a tape-recording of a conversation between Göran Malmqvist and myself which took place on 14th May 1990 in Stockholm]

-----. Troubadors, Trumpeters, Troubled Makers: Lyricism, Nationalism, and Hybridity in China and Its Others. London: Hurst, 1996.

-----. La Chine et le spectre de l'Occident: Contestation poétique, modernité et métissage. Paris: Editions Syllepse, 2002.

Lee, Haiyan. Revolution of the Heart: A Genealogy of Love in China, 1900-1950. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006.

Lee, Leo Ou-fan. "The Solitary Traveler: Images of the Self in Modern Chinese Literature." In Robert Hegel and Richard Hessney eds., Expressions of Self in Chinese Literature. NY: Columbia UP, 1985, 282-307.

-----. "Some Notes on 'Culture,' 'Humanism,' and the 'Humanities' in Modern Chinese Cultural Discourses." Surfaces 5 (1995).

Lee, Mabel and A. D. Syromkla-Stefanowska, eds. Literary Intercrossings: East Asia and the West. Sydney: Wild Peony, 1998.

Lee, Shuen-shing. Utopia, Where East and West Meet: A Comparative Study of Hybrid Utopias in Twentieth-Century Chinese and Western Literature. Ph.D. diss. Seattle: University of Washington, 1995.

Li, Kay. Bernard Shaw and China: Cross-Cultural Encounters. Gainseville: University Press of Florida, 2007.

Li, Qingquan. From Critical Realism to Socialist Realism: A Historical Survey of Realism in Modern Chinese Literature. New York: P. Lang, 1996.

Li, Ruru. Shashibiya, Staging Shakespeare in China. HK: Hong Kong University Press, 2003.

Lian, Xinda. "Re-dreaming the Butterfly Dream." Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 3, 1 (July 1999): 103-29. [Zhuangzi's influence on Lu Xun, A Cheng, Han Shaogong, Chen Kaige]

Link, Perry. The Uses of Literature: Life in the Socialist Chinese Literary System. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2000.

Lipman, Jonathan N. and Steven Harrell, eds. Violence in China: Essays in Culture and Counterculture. Albany: SUNY, 1990.

La Litterature chinoise contemporaine, tradition et modernité: colloque d'Aix-en-Provence, le 8 juin 1988. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l'Universite de Provence, 1989.

Liu, Jianmei. Revolution Plus Love: Literary History, Women's Bodies, and Thematic Repetition in Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2003.

Liu, Kang and Tang Xiaobin, eds. Politics, Ideology, and Literary Discourse in Modern China: Theoretical Interventions and Cultural Critique. Durham: Duke UP, 1993.

Liu Kang. "Aesthetics and Chinese Marxism." Positions 3, 2 (Fall 1995).

-----. Aesthetics and Marxism: Chinese Aesthetic Marxists and Their Western Conemporaries. Durham: Duke UP, 2000.

Liu, Tao Tao. "Exile, Homelessness and Displacement in Modern Chinese Literature." In Wolfgang Kubin, ed., Symbols of Anguish: In Search of Melancholy in China. Bern: Peter Lang, 2001, 335-52.

-----. "Perceptions of City and Country in Republican Fiction." In David Faure and Tao Tao Liu, eds., Town and Country in China
Identity and Perception. Palgrave MacMillan, 2001.

Lovell, Julia. The Politics of Cultural Capital: China's Quest for a Nobel Prize in Literature. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2006.

[Publisher's blurb: In the 1980s China’s politicians, writers, and academics began to raise an increasingly urgent question: why had a Chinese writer never won a Nobel Prize for literature? Promoted to the level of official policy issue and national complex, Nobel anxiety generated articles, conferences, and official delegations to Sweden. Exiled writer Gao Xingjian’s win in 2000 failed to satisfactorily end the matter, and the controversy surrounding the Nobel committee’s choice has continued to simmer. This comprehensive study of China’s obsession spans the twentieth century and taps directly into the key themes of modern Chinese culture: national identity, international status, and the relationship between intellectuals and politics. The intellectual preoccupation with the Nobel literature prize expresses tensions inherent in China’s move toward a global culture after the collapse of the Confucian world-view at the start of the twentieth century, and particularly since China’s re-entry into the world economy in the post-Mao era. Attitudes toward the prize reveal the same contradictory mix of admiration, resentment, and anxiety that intellectuals and writers have long felt toward Western values as they struggled to shape a modern Chinese identity. In short, the Nobel complex reveals the pressure points in an intellectual community not entirely sure of itself. Making use of extensive original research, including interviews with leading contemporary Chinese authors and critics, The Politics of Cultural Capital is a comprehensive, up-to-date treatment of an issue that cuts to the heart of modern and contemporary Chinese thought and culture. It will be essential reading for scholars of modern Chinese literature and culture, globalization, post-colonialism, and comparative and world literature.]

Lu, Sheldon Hsiao-peng. "When Mimosa Blossoms: The Ideology of Self in Modern Chinese Literature." Journal of Chinese Language Teachers Association 28, 3 (1993): 1-16.

Malmqvist, Goran, ed. Modern Chinese Literature in Its Social Context. Stockholm: Nobel Symposium, 1975.

Martin, Helmut. "The Future of China, Taiwan and Hong Kong: Perspectives Explored by Contemporary Chinese Writers." In King-yuh Chang, ed., Ideology and Politics in Twentieth Century China. Taibei: Institute of International Relations, National Chengchi University, 1988, 174-95.

-----. "A New Proximity: Chinese Literature in the People's Republic and on Taiwan." In H. Goldblatt, ed., Worlds Apart: Recent Chinese Writings and Its Audiences. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1990, 29-43.

Maruyama, Noboru. "Contemporary Chinese Literature in Japan." Acta Asiatica 72 (1997): 1-26.

McDougall, Bonnie. "Writers and Performers, Their Works, and Their Audiences in the First Three Decades." In McDougall, ed. Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the PRC, 1949-79. Berkeley: UCP, 1984, 269-304.

-----. "Writing Self: Author/Audience Complicity in Modern Chinese Fiction." Archiv Orientalni 64 (1996): 245-68.

-----. "Writing Self: Author/Audience Complicity in Modern Chinese Fiction." In McDougall, Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the Twentieth Century. HK: Chinese University Press, 2003, 45-74.

-----. "Literary Decorum or Carnivalistic Grotesque: Literature in the People's Republic of China after 50 years." China Quarterly 159, 1 (Sept. 1999): 723-732. Rpt in McDougall, Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the Twentieth Century. HK: Chinese University Press, 2003, 241-74.

-----. Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the Twentieth Century. HK: The Chinese University Press, 2003.

Miller, J. Hillis. "Introduction to and Discussion Summary of Wang Hui's 'Humanism as the Theme of Chinese Modernity.'" Surfaces 5 (1995).

Moran, Thomas, ed. Dictionary of Literary Biography--Chinese Fiction Writers, 1900-1949. NY: Thomson Gale, 2007.

Mostow, Jonathan, ed. The Columbia Commpanion to Modern East Asian Literature. NY: Columbia UP, 2003. [The China section, edited by Kirk A. Denton, includes pages 285-616].

Ng, Mau-sang. The Russian Hero in Modern Chinese Fiction. Albany: SUNY Press, 1987.

Oakes, Tim. Tourism and Modernity in China. NY: Routledge, 1998.

Pease, Catherine E. "Remembering the Taste of Melons: Modern Chinese Stories of Childhood." In Anne Kinney, ed. Chinese Views of Childhood. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1995, 279-320.

Prusek, Jaroslav. Chinese History and Literature. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1970.

-----. The Lyrical and the Epic. Ed. Leo Ou-fan Lee. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1980.

-----, ed. Studies in Modern Chinese Literature. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1964.

Riep, Steven. "A War of Wounds: Disability, Disfigurement, and Antiheroic Portrayals of the War of Resistance Against Japan." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 20, 1 (Spring 2008): 129-72.

Robinson, Lewis Stewart. Double-Edged Sword: Christianity and 20th Century Chinese Fiction. HK: Tao Fong Shan Ecumenical Center, 1986.

Rojas, Carlos. "Cannibalism and the Chinese Body Politic: Hermeneutics and Violence in Cross-Cultural Perception." PMC 13, 3 (May 2002).

Sang Tze-lang. The Emerging Lesbian: Female Same-Sex Desire in Modern Chinese Literature and Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.

Shih, Shu-mei. The Lure of the Modern: Writing Modernism in Semicolonial China, 1917-1937. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.

Sun, Lung-kee. The Chinese National Character: From Nationhood to Individuality. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2001.

Sun Naixiu. Fuoluoyide yu Zhongguo xiandai wenxue (Freud and modern Chinese literature). Taipei: Yeqiang, 1995.

Takeuchi, Yoshimi. What Is Modernity? Writings of Takeuchi Yoshimi. Tr. Richard Calichman. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.

Tam, Kwok-kan. "Self-Identity and the Problematic of Chinese Modernity." The Humanities Bulletin 4 (1995): 57-64.

Tam, Kwok-kan and Terry Siu-han Yip, eds. Gender, Discoures and the Self in Literature: Issues in Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. HK: The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2009.

Tang, Xiaobing. Chinese Modern: The Heroic and the Quotidien. Durham: Duke UP, 2000.

Tian, Xiaofei. "Muffled Dialect Spoken by Green Fruit: An Alternative History of Modern Chinese Poetry." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 21, 1 (Spring 2009).

"Theory and Practice of Translation in China." Special issue of Meta XLIV, 1 (1999).

Thorner, Karen Laura. Empire of Texts in Motion: Chinese, Korean, and Taiwanese Transculturations of Japanese Literature. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2009.

[Abstract: By the turn of the twentieth century, Japan’s military and economic successes made it the dominant power in East Asia, drawing hundreds of thousands of Chinese, Korean, and Taiwanese students to the metropole and sending thousands of Japanese to other parts of East Asia. The constant movement of peoples, ideas, and texts in the Japanese empire created numerous literary contact nebulae, fluid spaces of diminished hierarchies where writers grapple with and transculturate one another’s creative output. Drawing extensively on vernacular sources in Japanese, Chinese, and Korean, this book analyzes the most active of these contact nebulae: semicolonial Chinese, occupied Manchurian, and colonial Korean and Taiwanese transculturations of Japanese literature. It explores how colonial and semicolonial writers discussed, adapted, translated, and recast thousands of Japanese creative works, both affirming and challenging Japan’s cultural authority. Such efforts not only blurred distinctions among resistance, acquiescence, and collaboration but also shattered cultural and national barriers central to the discourse of empire. In this context, twentieth-century East Asian literatures can no longer be understood in isolation from one another, linked only by their encounters with the West, but instead must be seen in constant interaction throughout the Japanese empire and beyond.]

Tong, Shijun. The Dialectics of Modernization: Habermas and the Chinese Discourse of Modernization. Sydney: Wild Peony, 2000.

Teow, See Heng. Japanese Culural Policy Toward China, 1918-1931: A Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1996.

Twohey, Michael. Authority and Welfare in China: Modern Debates in Historical Perspective. New York : St. Martin's Press, 1999.

Veg, Sebastian. Fictions du pouvoir chinois: Littérature, modernisme et démocratie au début du XXe siècle. Paris: Editions EHESS, 2009.

Wang, Ban. "The Real Under Scrutiny: The Cutting Edge of Chinese Fantastic Narrative." Tamkang Review 21, 2 (1990): 149-65.

-----. The Sublime Figure of History: Aesthetics and Politics in Twentieth Century China. Stanford: SUP, 1997.

-----. Narrative Perspective and Irony in Selected Chinese and American Fiction. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 2002.

-----. Illuminations from the Past: Trauma, Memory, and History in Modern China. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2004.

[This book offers a cultural history of modern China by looking at the tension between memory and history. Mainstream books on China tend to focus on the hard aspects of economics, government, politics, or international relations. This book takes a humanistic look at modern changes and examines how Chinese intellectuals and artists experienced trauma, social upheavals, and transformations. Drawing on a wide array of sources in political and aesthetic writings, literature, film, and public discourse, the author has portrayed the unique ways the Chinese imagine and portray their own historical destiny in the midst of trauma, catastrophe, and runaway globalization--Stanford UP website]

Wang, David Der-wei. Fictional Realism in Twentieth Century China: Mao Dun, Lao She, Shen Congwen. NY: Columbia UP, 1992.

-----. "Late Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction: Four Discourses." In Sung-sheng Yvonne Chang and Michelle Yeh, eds., Contemporary Chinese Literature: Crossing the Boundaries. Special issue of Literature East and West. Austin, TX: Department of Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures, 1995, 63-88.

-----. "Crime or Punishment? On the Forensic Discourse of Modern Chinese Literature." In Wen-hsin Yeh, ed., Becoming Chinese: Passages to Modernity and Beyond. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000, 260-97.

-----. "Impersonating China." Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles and Reviews 25 (Dec. 2003): 133-63. [on female impersonation in modern Chinese literature]

-----. The Monster That Is History: History, Violence, and Fictional Writing in Twentieth-Century China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. [MCLC Resource Center review by C. D. Alison Bailey]

[In ancient China a monster called Taowu was known for both its vicious nature and its power to see the past and the future. Over the centuries Taowu underwent many incarnations until it became identifiable with history itself. Since the seventeenth century, fictive accounts of history have accommodated themselves to the monstrous nature of Taowu. Moving effortlessly across the entire twentieth-century literary landscape, David Der-wei Wang delineates the many meanings of Chinese violence and its literary manifestations. Taking into account the campaigns of violence and brutality that have rocked generations of Chinese--often in the name of enlightenment, rationality, and utopian plenitude--this book places its arguments along two related axes: history and representation, modernity and monstrosity. Wang considers modern Chinese history as a complex of geopolitical, ethnic, gendered, and personal articulations of bygone and ongoing events. His discussion ranges from the politics of decapitation to the poetics of suicide, and from the typology of hunger and starvation to the technology of crime and punishment--from Columbia UP website]

Wang, Gungwu, et.al, eds. Society and the Writer: Essays on Literature in Modern Asia. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, 1981.

Wang, Hui. "Humanism as the Theme of Chinese Modernity." Surfaces 5 (1995).

-----. Wang, Hui. "The Liberation of the Object and the Interrogation of Modernity: Rethinking The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought." Modern China 34, 1 (Jan. 2008): 114-140.

[Abstract: This article, a reflection on the author's tetralogy The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought, focuses on three sets of antithetical concepts—empire and nation-state, rational bureaucracy (junxian zhi) and feudal system (fengjian zhi), rites/music and institutions—"continuity and rupture" in history and the idea of the trend of the times (shishi); and the question of scientific outlook and national knowledge. It argues the importance of liberating the historical world of thought from the position as an object for our observation and transforming it into a perspective from which we can reflect on and observe the modern world of ours.]

Wang, Jing. Strategies of Modern Chinese Women Writers' Autobiographies. Ph. D. diss. Columbus: The Ohio State University, 2000.

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Wu, Yenna. "Rethinking Postcolonialist Assumptions and Portrayals of Cannibalism in Modern Chinese Fiction." Tamkang Review 31, 3 (Spring 2001): 15-40.

Yan, Haiping. Chinese Women Writers and the Feminist Imagination, 1905-1948. London: Routledge, 2006.

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Yip, Terry Siu-han. "Place, Gender and Identity: The Global-Local Interplay in Three Stories from China, Taiwan and Hong Kong." In Kwok-kan Tam et al., eds., Sights of Contestation: Localism, Globalism and Cultural Production in Asia and the Pacific. HK: The Chinese University Press, 2002, 17-34. [deals with stories by Tie Ning, Zhang Xiguo (Chang Shi-kuo), and Ye Si]

Yip, Wai-lim. "Condemned to Cultural Displacement: The Case of Modern China." In Wolfgang Kubin, ed., Symbols of Anguish: In Search of Melancholy in China. Bern: Peter Lang, 2001, 315-33.

Yue, Gang. The Mouth That Begs: Hunger, Cannibalism, and the Politics of Eating in Modern China. Durham: Duke UP, 1999.

Zhang, Jingyuan. Psychoanalysis in China: Literary Transformations, 1919-1949. Ithaca: Cornell East Asia Series, 1992.

Zhang, Yinde. Le monde romanesque chinois au XXe siecle. Geneva: Editions Honore Champion, 2003.

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Chen Anhu, ed. Zhongguo xiandai wenxue shetuan liupai shi (The history of modern Chinese literary societies and schools). Wuhan: Huazhong shifan daxue, 1997.

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Denton, Kirk A. and Michel Hockx, eds. Literary Societies in Republican China. [website for ongoing research project; contains project description, abstracts of essays, list of literary societies, etc]

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Keaveney, Christopher T. The Subversive Self in Modern Chinese Literature: The Creation Society's Reinvention of the Japanese Shishosetsu. NY: Palgrave Mcmillan, 2004.

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Rao Hongjing et al. eds., Chuangzao she ziliao (Creation Society research materials). 2 vols. Fuzhou: Fujian renmin, 1985.

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Tang, Xiaobing, with Michel Hockx. "The Creation Society (1921-1930)." In Kirk A. Denton and Michel Hockx, eds., Literary Societies in Republican China. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008, 103-36.

Tung, Constantine. The Search for Order and Form: The Crescent Moon Society and the Literary Movement of Modern China, 1928- 1933. Claremont, Calif., Ph.D. diss., 1971.

-----. The Crescent Moon Society: the Minority's Challenge in the Literary Movement of Modern China. Buffalo: Council on International Studies, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1972.

Wong, Lawrence Wang-chi. Politics and Literature in Shanghai: the Chinese League of Left-Wing Writers, 1930-1936. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1991.

-----. "A Literary Organization with a Clear Political Agenda: The Chinese League of Left-Wing Writers, 1930-1936." In Kirk A. Denton and Michel Hockx, eds., Literary Societies in Republican China. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008, 15-46.

Wu, Shengqing. "Contested Fengya: Classical-Style Poetry Clubs in Early Republican China." In Kirk A. Denton and Michel Hockx, eds., Literary Societies in Republican China. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008, 15-46.

Xu, Xueqing. "The Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School." In Kirk A. Denton and Michel Hockx, eds., Literary Societies in Republican China. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008, 47-78.

Yan Jiayan. Zhongguo xiandai xiaoshuo shi liupai (History of the schools of modern Chinese fiction). Beijing: Renmin wenxue chuban she, 1989.

Zhang, Zhizhong. "On Literary Schools in China Today." Social Sciences in China 1 (1987): 141-68.

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Zuolian cidian (A dictionary of the League of Left-wing Writers). Ed. Yao Xin. Beijing: Guangming ribao, 1994.

[Abstract: Much of the previous scholarship on Taiwanese modernist poetry easily falls into ideological arguments. This book participates in the development of an alternative approach to understanding Taiwanese modernist poetry. Dr. Au’s approach emphasizes the diversity and intensity of experiences of place and placelessness in the work of five poets: Lomen, Luo Fu, Rong Zi, Yu Guangzhong and Zheng Chouyu. The phenomenon of placelessness is a problem in all modernity and so modern aesthetics is an outgrowth of modern society’s sense of placelessness. This book not only shows how place becomes placelessness but also analyses Taiwanese modernist poets’ responses to the phenomenon of placelessness. Four kinds of places are examined, namely, the house, the city, homeland and an imagined literary community, in this work. The result is both refreshing and original.]

Chang, Sung-sheng Yvonne. Modernism and Nativist Resistance: Contemporary Chinese Fiction from Taiwan. Durham: Duke UP, 1993.

-----. "Elements of Modernism in Fiction from Taiwan." Tamkang Review 19, 1-4 (Autumn 1988-Summer 1989): 591-606.

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Chen, Xiaomei. "Misunderstanding Western Modernism: The Menglong Movement in Post-Mao China." Representations 35 (Summer 1991): 143-63. Rpt. in Chen, Occidentalism: A Theory of Counter-Discourse in Post-Mao China. NY: Oxford UP, 1995, 69-98.

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-----. Stream of Consciousness and Free Indirect Discourse in Modern Chinese Literature. Leiden: CNWS, 1992.

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Huang, Guiyou. Whitmanism, Imagism, and Modernism in China and America. Selingsgrove , Pa.: Susquehanna UP; London; Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 1997.

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-----. "Literary Modernism and Nationalism in Post-Mao China." In Larson and Anne Wedell-Wedellsborg, eds. Inside Out: Modernism and Postmodernism in Chinese Literary Culture. Aarhus: Aarhus UP, 1993, 172-97.

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Lee, Gregory. "Contemporary Chinese Poetry, Exile and the Potential for Modernism." In Gregory Lee, ed., Chinese Writing and Exile. Chicago: Center for East Asian Studies, The University of Chicago, 1993, 55-78.

----. "Exile and the Potential of Modernism." [From Troubadors, Trumpeters, Troubled Makers: Lyricism, Nationalism, and Hybridity in China and Its Others. (London: Hurst, 1996)]. Interpoetics: Poetry of Asia and the Pacific Rim 1, 2 (Spring 1998).

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-----. "In Search of Modernity: Some Reflections on a New Mode of Consciousness in Twentieth-Century Chinese History and Literature." In Cohen and Goldman, eds. Ideas Across Cultures. Cambridge: HUP, 1990, 109-136.

----- "Modernism in Modern Chinese Literature: A Study (Somewhat Comparative) in Literary History." Tamkang Review ???

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Leung, Ping-kwan. Aesthetics of Opposition: A Study of the Modernist Generation of Chinese Poets, 1936-1949. Ph.d. diss. San Diego: University of California, SD, 1984.

Lo, Kwai-cheung. "Writing the Otherness of Nature: Chinese Misty Poetry and the Alternative Modernist Practice." Tamkang Review 29, 2 (1998): 87-117.

Lu, Sheldon H. "Universality/Difference: The Discourses of Chinese Modernity, Postmodernity, and Postcoloniality." Journal of Asian Pacific Communications 9, 1-2 (1998).

Lupke, Christopher. "The Taiwan Modernists." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 481-87.

Macdonald, Sean. "'Modernism' in Modern Chinese Literature: The 'Third Type of Person' as a Figure of Autonomy." The Canadian Review of Comparative Literature (June/Sept. 2002): 289-315.

[This paper is a discussion of the New Sensation School (Xin ganjuepai), a group of authors that included Liu Na'ou, Mu Shiying, Shi Zhecun, Ye Lingfeng, and Du Heng, and who were active in Shanghai in the 1920s and 30s. In 1933, Du Heng, writing as Su Wen, edited an anthology of essays based on the Debate on Literary and Artistic Freedom that took place within the Left League. This debate, especially arguments surrounding the so called "third type of person" (disanzhong ren), is read within the context of the historical theory of aesthetic autonomy and the recent reappearance of the term "modernism" in modern Chinese literature. The "third type of person" debate is rarely discussed in detail, if it is discussed at all, despite its historical and cultural significance. Indeed, it is suggested that this debate represented an important discussion of ideas that were in the air in 1930s Shanghai, and a very significant theoretical parallel to the emergence of New Sensationist and early modernist fiction in China--from the author]

-----. "Montage as Chinese: Modernism, the Avant-garde, and the Strange Appropriation of China." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 19, 2 (Fall 2007): 151-99.

Mak, Anthony Wan-hoi. The School of New Sensibilities in the 1930s: A Study of Liu Na'ou and Mu Shiying's Fiction. Ph.D. diss. University of Toronto, 1995.

Malmqvist, Goran. "On the Emergence of Modernistic Poetry in China." Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 55 (1983): 57-71.

"Modernisms' Chinas." Special issue of Modern Chinese Literature and Culture. Guest Editor Eric Hayot. 18,1 (Spring 2006).

Pollard, David. "The Controversy over Modernism, 1979-1984." China Quarterly 104 (1985): 641-56.

Qian, Zhaoming. Orientalism and Modernism: The Legacy of China in Pound and Williams. Durham: Duke UP, 1995.

Riep, Steven L. "Chinese Modernism: The New Sensationists." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 418-24.

Shih, Shu-mei. The Lure of the Modern: Writing Modernism in Semicolonial China, 1917-1937. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.

Tang, Xiaobing. "Lu Xun's 'Diary of a Madman' and a Chinese Modernism." PMLA 107, 5 (1992): 1222-34.

-----. "Residual Modernism: Narratives of the Self in Contemporary Chinese Fiction." Moern Chinese Literature 7, 1 (1993): 7-32.

Trappl, Richard. “’Modernism’ and Foreign Influences on Chinese Poetry: Exemplified by the Early Guo Moruo and Gu Cheng.” In Marian Galik, ed., Interliterary and Intraliterary Aspects of the May Fourth Movement 1919 in China. Bratislava: Veda, 1990, 83-92.

Trumbull, Randolph. The Shanghai Modernists. Phd.diss. Stanford University, 1989.

Wang, Rujie. "The Mosaic of Chinese Modernism in Fiction and Film: The Aesthetics of Primitivism, Taoism, and Buddhism." Canadian Review of Comparative Literature 35, 1-2 (March-June 2008): 14-39.

Wang, Yiyan. "Venturing into Shanghai: The Flâneur in Two of Shi Zhecun's Short Stories." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 19, 2 (Fall 2007): 34-70.

Xu, Jingya. "A Volant Tribe of Bards: A Critique of the Modernist Tendencies of Chinese Poetry." Tr. Ng Mau-sang. Renditions 19/20 (1983): 59-68.

Zhang, Jingyuan. Psychoanalysis in China: Literary Transformations, 1919-1949. Ithaca: Cornell East Asia Series, 1992.

Zhang, Yingjin. "The Texture of the Metropolis: Modernist Inscriptions of Shanghai in the 1930s." In Yingjin Zhang, ed., China in a Polycentric World: Essays in Chinese Comparative Literature. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1999, 173-88.

Zhang, Zao. "Developments and Continuity of Modernism in Chinese Poetry Since 1917." In Wendy Larson and Anne Wedell-Wedellsborg, eds., Inside Out: Modernism and Postmodernism in Chinese Literary Culture. Aarhus: Aarhus University, 1993.

Cai, Rong. "The Mirror in the Text: Borges and Metafiction on Post-Mao China." Tamkang Review 32, 2 (Winter 2001): 35-68.

Cai, Yongchun. "In the Labyrinth: An introduction to Postmodern Chinese Fiction." Manoa 15, 2 (2003): 49-56.

Chen, Maiping. "On the Absence of Self: From Modernism to Postmodernism." In Larson, Wendy, and Anne Wedell-Wedellsborg, eds. Inside Out: Modernism and Postmodernism in Chinese Literary Culture. Aarhus: Aarhus UP, 1993, 78-90.

Chen, Xiaoming. "The Mysterious Other: Postpolitics in the Narrative of Chinese Film." Boundary 2 24, 3 (1997). Rpt. in Xudong Zhang and Arif Dirlik, eds., Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 222-38.

Chow, Rey. "Can One Say No to China?" New Literary History 28, 1 (1997): 147-51.

Dai, Jinhua. "Imagined Nostalgia." Boundary 2 24, 3 (1997). Rpt. in Xudong Zhang and Arif Dirlik, eds., Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 205-220.

-----. “Immediacy, Parody, and Image in the Mirror: Is There a Postmodern Scene in Beijing?” Tr. Jing M. Wang. In Jenny Kwok Wah Lau, ed., Multiple Modernities: Cinemas and Popular Media in Transcultural East Asia. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 2003, 151-66.

Ding, Ersu. "Philosophical Discourse of Postmodernity in the Chinese Context." New Literary History 28, 1 (1997): 21-30.

Dirlik, Arif and Zhang Xudong, eds. Postmodernism and China [a special issue of Boundary 2]. 1997. Rpt. as Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000.

-----. "Introduction: Postmodernism and China." Boundary 2 24, 3 (1997). In Xudong Zhang and Arif Dirlik, eds., Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 1-17.

Flieger, Jerry Aline. "Postmodern Perspective: The Paranoid Eye." New Literary History 28, 1 (1997): 87-110.

Fokemma, Douwe. "Chinese Postmodernist Fiction." Modern Language Quarterly 69, 1 (2008): 141-65.

[Abstract: The title of this essay implies that there is a Chinese postmodernism that differs from American or European postmodernism. But the different postmodernisms also have a common basis, which can be found at the level of unstable signification. First the author briefly sketches how the concept of postmodernism traveled from the United States to western Europe and Russia, with key roles for American critics such as John Barth, Leslie Fiedler, Ihab Hassan, and Matei Calinescu and, in Europe, writers such as Umberto Eco and the reception of Jorge Luis Borges and Vladimir Nabokov. To the author, Chinese postmodernism differs from other variants of postmodernism because of its different cultural-historical and literary-historical background. With few exceptions, modernism was a late discovery in China. After 1978 Wang Meng, Zhang Jie, Wang Anyi, and others wrote fiction in a modernist style. The simultaneity of modernism and postmodernism is a clue to the interpretation of Chinese fiction of the 1980s and 1990s. Postmodernist exuberant fabulation, partly inspired by Gabriel García Márquez and partly by traditional Chinese fiction, can be found in fiction by Mo Yan, Yu Hua, and Han Shaogong. Please Don't Call Me Human (Qianwan bie ba wo dang ren, 1989), by Wang Shuo, who was recently honored with a Chinese compilation of “research material concerning Wang Shuo” (Tianjin, 2005), is also discussed.]

Jian, Guo. "Resisting Modernity in Contemporary China: The Cultural Revolution and Post-Modernism." Modern China 25, 3 (July 1999): 343-76.

Jones, Andrew F. "Avante-Garde Fiction in China." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 554-60.

King, Anthony D. and Abidin Kusno. "On Be(ij)ing in the World. 'Postmodernism,' 'Globalization,' and the Making of Transnational Space in China." In Xudong Zhang and Arif Dirlik, eds., Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 41-67.

Knight, Sabina. "Defiance and Fatalism in Roots-Seeking and Avant-Garde Fiction." In The Heart of Time: Moral Agency in Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2006, 191-221.

Kubin, Wolfgang. "The End of the Prophet: Chinese Poetry Between Modernity and Postmodernity." In Larson, Wendy, and Anne Wedell-Wedellsborg, eds. Inside Out: Modernism and Postmodernism in Chinese Literary Culture. Aarhus: Aarhus UP, 1993, 19-37.

Larson, Wendy, and Anne Wedell-Wedellsborg, eds. Inside Out: Modernism and Postmodernism in Chinese Literary Culture. Aarhus: Aarhus UP, 1993.

Larson, Wendy. "Women and the Discourse of Desire in Postrevolutionary China: The Awkward Postmodernism of Chen Ran." Boundary 2 24, 3 (1997).

Liao, Chaoyang. "Borrowed Modernity: History and the Subject in A Borrowed Life." Boundary 2 24, 3 (1997). Rpt. in Xudong Zhang and Arif Dirlik, eds., Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 275-93.

Liao, Ping-hui. "Postmodern Literary Discourse and Contemporary Public Culture in Taiwan." Boundary 2 24, 3 (1997). Rpt. in Xudong Zhang and Arif Dirlik, eds., Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 68-88.

Liu, Kang. "Popular Culture and the Culture of the Masses in Contemporary China." Boundary 2 24, 3 (1997). Rpt. in Xudong Zhang and Arif Dirlik, eds., Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 123-44.

-----. "Postmodernism, the Avant-garde, and Chinese Cultural Reflection." The Proceedings of the ICLA '91 Tokyo Congrees. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1992, 236-43.

-----. "Is There an Alternative to (Capitalist) Globalization?: The Debate About Modernity in China." In Fredric Jameson and Masao Miyoshi, eds., The Cultures of Globalization. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1999.

Liu, Kang. "Is There An Alternative to (Capitalist) Globalization? The Debate about Modernity, Postmodernity, and Postcoloniality." In Liu, Globalization and Cultural Trends in China. Honolulu: University of Hawai'I Press, 2004, 23-45.

Lu, Sheldon H. "Universality/Difference: The Discourses of Chinese Modernity, Postmodernity, and Postcoloniality." Journal of Asian Pacific Communications 9, 1-2 (1998).

-----. "Global POSTmoderniZATION: The Intellectual, the Artist, and China's Condition." Boundary 2 24, 3 (1997). Rpt. in Xudong Zhang and Arif Dirlik, eds., Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 145-74.

McDougall, Bonnie. "The Anxiety of Out-fluence: Creativity, History and Postmodernism." In Larson and Wedell-Wedellsborg, eds., Inside Out: Modernism and Postmodernism in Chinese Literary Culture. Aarhus: Aarhus UP, 1993, 99-112. Rpt in McDougall, Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the Twentieth Century. HK: Chinese University Press, 2003, 241-74.

Saussy, Haun. "Postmodernism in China: A Sketch and Some Queries." Wen-hsin Yeh, ed., Cross-Cultural Readings of Chineseness: Narratives, Images, and Interpretations of the 1990s. Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, 2000, 128-58.

Tang, Xiaobin. "Melancholy against the Grain: Approaching Postmodernity in Wang Anyi's Tales of Sorrow." Boundary 2 24, 3 (1997).

-----. "The Function of New Theory: What Does It Mean to Talk About Postmodernism in China?" In X. Tang and L. Kang, eds. Politics, Ideology, and Literary Discourse in Modern China: Theoretical Interventions and Cultural Critique. Durham: Duke UP, 1993, 278-99.

Wang Fengzhen. "Third-World Writers in the Era of Postmodernism." New Literary History 28, 1 (1997): 45-56.

Wang, Mingxian. "Notes on Architecture and Postmodernism in China." Boundary 2 24, 3 (1997).

Wang, Ning. "Constructing Postmodernism: The Chinese Case and Its Different Versions." Canadian Review of Comparative Literature 20, 1-2 (March-June 1993): 49-61.

-----. "The Mapping of Chinese Postmodernity." Boundary 2 24, 3 (1997). Rpt. in Xudong Zhang and Arif Dirlik, eds., Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 21-40.

-----. "Post-New Period: A Metamorphosed Version of Chinese Postmodernity." Canadian Review of Comparative Literature 27, 3 (March-June 2000): 480-97.

Yang, Xiaobin. "Answering the Question: What is Chinese Postmodernism/Post-Mao-Dengism?" In Pang-yuan Chi and David Wang, eds., Chinese Literature in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: A Critical Survey. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000, 1193-215.

-----. "Whence and Whither the Postmodern/Post-Mao-Deng Historical Subjectivity and Literary Subjectivity in Modern China." In Xudong Zhang and Arif Dirlik, eds., Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 379-98.

-----. The Chinese Postmodern: Trauma and Irony in Chinese Avant-garde Fiction. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002. [MCLC Resource Center review by Wendy Larson]

-----. "Toward a Theory of Postmodern/Post-Mao--Deng Literature." In Charles Laughlin, ed., Contested Modernities in Chinese Literature. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, 81-97.

Yeh, Michelle. "Chinese Postmodernism and the Cultural Politics of Modern Chinese Poetry." Wen-hsin Yeh, ed., Cross-Cultural Readings of Chineseness: Narratives, Images, and Interpretations of the 1990s. Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, 2000, 100-27.

Xu, Ben. "Postmodern-Postcolonial Criticism and Pro-Democracy Enlightenment." Modern China 27, 1 (January 2001): 17-147.

Zhang, Benzi. "Paradox of Chinese Boxes: Textual Heterarchy in Postermodern Fiction." Canadian Review of Comparative Literature 20, 1-2 (March-June 1993): 89-103.

Zhang, Xudong. "Epilogue: Postmodernism and Postsocialist Society--Historicizing the Present." In Xudong Zhang and Arif Dirlik, eds., Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 399-442.

Zhang, Yiwu. "Postmodernism and Chinese Novels of the Nineties." Boundary 2 24, 3 (1997). Rpt. in Xudong Zhang and Arif Dirlik, eds., Postmodernism and China. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 325-36.

Zhao Y.H. Henry (Zhao Yiheng). "Post-Isms and Chinese New Conservatism." New Literary History 28, 1 (1997): 31-44.

Andrews, Julia F. and Kuiyi Shen. "The New Chinese Woman and Lifestyle Magazines in the Late 1990s." In Perry Link, Richard P. Madsen, and Paul G. Pickowicz, eds., Popular China: Unofficial Culture in a Globalizing Society. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002, 137-62.

Bao Jialin. Zhongguo funnu shi lunji (Collection of essay on the history of Chinese women). 3 vols. Taibei: Daoxiang, 1988.

Barlow, Tani, ed. Gender Politics in Modern China: Writing and Feminism. Durham: Duke UP, 1993.

-----. "Theorizing Woman: Funu, Guojia, Jiating [Chinese Women, Chinese State, Chinese Family]." Genders 10 (1991): 132-60.

-----. "Woman at the Close of the Maoist Era in the Polemics of Li Xiaojing and Her Associates." In Lisa Lowe and David Lloyd, eds. The Politics of Culture in the Shadow of Capital. Durham: DUP, 1997.

-----. "Spheres of Debt and Feminist Ghosts in Area Studies of Women in China." Traces: A Multilingual Journal of Cultural Theory and Translation 1 (2001): 195-226.

Barlow, Tani E. The Question of Women in Chinese Feminism. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004. [MCLC Resource Center review by Megan M. Ferry]

[Abstract: A history of thinking about the subject of women in twentieth-century China. Barlow illustrates the theories and conceptual categories that Enlightenment Chinese intellectuals have developed to describe the collectivity of women. Demonstrating how generations of these theorists have engaged with international debates over eugenics, gender, sexuality, and the psyche, Barlow argues that as an Enlightenment project, feminist debate in China is at once Chinese and international. Noting the eugenicist roots of much twentieth-century feminist thought, she describes how the emergence of the social sciences in the 1920s, in China and elsewhere, lent the liberation of women a particular urgency by suggesting that the health of nations and races rested in part on the biological mechanisms of natural selection and therefore on women's responsibility to select sexual partners.]

Beahan, Charlotte L. "Feminism and Nationalism in the Chinese Women's Press, 1902-1911." Modern China 1, 4 (Oct. 1975): 379-416.

-----. "In the Public Eye: Women in Early Twentieth Century China." In Women in China: Current Directions in Historical Scholarship. NY: Philo, 1981.

Borthwick, Sally. "Changing Concepts of the Role of Women from the Late Qing to the May Fourth Period." In David Pong and Edmund S.K. Fung, eds., Ideal and Reality: Social and Political Change in Modern China, 1860-1949. NY: University Press of America, 1985, 63-91.

Brownell, Susan and Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, eds. Chinese Femininities, Chinese Masculinities: A Reader. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.

Chan, Mimi. "Women in Hong Kong Fiction Written in English: The Mixed Liason." Renditions 29/30 (Spring/Autumn 1988): 257-74.

Chen, Peng-hisang and Whitney Crothers Dilley, eds., Feminism/Femininity in Chinese Literature. Amsterdam,: Rodopi, 2002, 199-210.

Chen, Xiaomei. "Women as Dramatic Other in the Body Politics of Post-Mao Theater," in China's Perception of Peace, War, and the World. Eds., Gerd Kaminski, Barbara Kreissl, and Constantine Tung. Wien: Ludwig Bolzmann Institut fur China, 1997, 160-67.

Cheung, Fanny M. and Eleanor Holroyd, eds. Mainstreaming Gender in Hong Kong. HK: Chinese University Press, 2009.

Chi, Ta-wei. "Performers of the Paternal Past: History, Female Impersonators, and Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction." positions: east asia cultures critque 15, 3 (Winter 2007): 580-608.

[deals with the following texts: Ba Jin's Jiliu sanbuqu (Torrent trilogy; 1931, 1938, 1940), Wang Dulu's Yanshi xialing (Peking chivalric entertainer; 1948), Qin Shou'ou's Qiuhaitang (Begonia; 1942), Lilian Lee's Bawang bieji (Farewell my concubine; 1985), and Ling Li's Mengduan guanhe (Dreams broken across China; 1999)]

Chiang, William Wei. "We Two Know the Script; We Have Become Good Frinds": Linguistic and Social Aspects of the Women's Script Literacy in Sounthern China. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1995.

Chien, Ying-ying. "Revisioning 'New Women': Feminist Readings of Representative Modern Chinese Fiction." Women's Studies International Forum 17, 1 (1994): 33-45.

-----. "From Utopian to Dystopian World: Two Faces of Feminism in Contemporary Taiwanese Women's Fiction." World Literature Today 68, 1 (1994): 35-42.

China for Women: Travel and Culture. NY: Feminist Press, at the City University of New York, 1995. [collection of essays on Chinese women, includes translations of Ding Ling, Dai Qing, and others]

Chiu, Kuei fen. "Taking Off: A Feminist Approach to Two Contemporary Women's Novels in Taiwan." Tamkang Review 23, 1-4 (1992-1993): 709-333.

-----. "Identity Politics in Contemporary Women's Novels in Taiwan." Tamkang Review 30, 2 (Winter 1999): 27-54. Rpt in Peng-hisang Chen and Whitney Crothers Dilley, eds., Feminism/Femininity in Chinese Literature. Amsterdam,: Rodopi, 2002, 67-86.

Chou, Katherine Hui-ling. Staging Revolution: Actresses, Realism, and the New Woman Movement in Chinese Spoken Drama and Film, 1919-1949. Ph.D. diss. New York University, 1997.

Chow, Rey. Woman and Chinese Modernity: The Politics of Reading Between West and East. Minneapolis: U. of Minnesota Press, 1991.

Chung, Hilary. “Kristevan (Mis)understandings: Writing in the Feminine.” In Michel Hockx and Ivo Smits, eds., Reading East Asian Writing: The Limits of Literary Theory. New York and London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003, 72-91. [analyzes fiction by Chen Hengzhe, Lu Yin, Ding Ling, and Feng Yuanjun]

Chung, Hilary and Tommy McClellan, "Images of Women: Exploring Apparent Changes of Attitude Towards Women in the May 4th Era Through Literary Imagery." In Viviane Alleton and Alexeï Volkov eds., Notions et Perceptions du Changement en Chine. Paris: College de France, 1994, 187-198.

Chung, Ling. "Sense and Senisilibity in the Works of Women Poets in Taiwan." In Goldblatt, ed., Worlds Apart: Recent Chinese Writing and Its Audiences. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1990, 78-107.

-----. "Feminism and Female Taiwan Writers." In Pang-yuan Chi and David Wang, eds., Chinese Literature in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: A Critical Survey. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000, 146-60.

Cini, Francesca. "Le 'problem des femmes' dans La nouvelle jeuness, 1915-1922." Etudes chinoies 5, 1/2 (Spring/Autumn 1986): 133-56.

Collins, Leslie. The New Women: A Psychohistorical Study of the Chinese Feminist Movement from 1900 to the Present. Ph.d. diss. New Haven: Yale University, 1976.

Croll, Elisabeth J. Changing Identities of Chinese Women: Rhetoric, Experience and Self-Perception in Twentieth-Century China. HK: HKUP; Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Zed Books, 1995.

Dai, Jinhua. "Rewriting Chinese Women: Gender Production and Cultural Space in the Eighties and Nineties." In Mayfair Mei Hui Yang, ed. Spaces of Their Own: Women's Public Sphere in Transnational China. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999, 191-206.

Damm, Jens. "Both Sides of the Mirror - the Public Discourse on (Homo-)sexuality and Gender in Taiwan." M.A. project. Berlin Free University.

Decker, Margeret. "Living in Sin: From May Fourth via the Antirightist Movement to the Present." In Ellen Widmer and David Wang, eds., From May Fourth to June Fourth: Fiction and Film in Twentiety-Century China. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1993, 221-46.

Diamond, Norma. "Women under Kuomintang Rule: Variations of the Feminine Mystique." Modern China 1, 1 (1975): 3-45.

Donald, Stephanie Hemelryk and Yi Zheng. "A Taste of Class: Manuals for Becoming Woman." positions: east asia cultures critique 17, 3 (Winter 2009): 489-521.

[Abstract: This discussion addresses the making of woman as postsocialist class-object, developing our core notions of class-making and spiritual homelessness through an exploration of the forms of the feminine in the taste structures in contemporary urban China. The key observation is that beautification, sexual styling, and spiritual/cultural cultivation are consistently linked in narratives of "becoming-woman" in a newly successful genre of aspirational literature, which we are calling "manuals of elite civility."]

Dooling, Amy D. Feminism and Narrative Strategies in Early Twentieth-Century Chinese Women’s Writing. Ph.D. Diss. NY: Columbia University, 1998.

-----. "Reconsidering the Origins of Modern Chinese Women's Writing." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 371-77.

-----. Women's Literary Feminism in Twentieth Century China. NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005.

[Description: This is a critical inquiry into the connections between emergent feminist ideologies in China and the production of 'modern' women's writing from the demise of the last imperial dynasty to the founding of the PRC. It accentuates both well-known and under-represented literary voices who intervened in the gender debates of their generation as well as contextualises the stategies used in imagining alternative stories of female experience and potential. It asks two questions: First, how did the advent of enlightened views of gender relations and sexuality influence literary practices of 'new women' in terms of narrative forms and strategies, readership, and publication venues? Second, how do these representations attest to the way these female intellectuals engaged and expanded social and political concerns from the personal to the national? Contents: Introduction: Women and Feminism in the Literary History of Early Twentieth-century China; National Imaginaries: Feminist Fantasies at the Turn-of-the-Century; The New Woman's Woman Love and/or Revolution?: Fictions of the Feminine Self in the 1930s Cultural Left; Outwitting Patriarchy: Comic Narrative Strategies in the Works of Yang Jiang, Su Qing, and Zhang Ailing; A World Still to Win]

Duke, Michael, ed. Modern Chinese Women Writers: Critical Appraisals. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1989.

Edwards, Louise. "Consolidating a Socialist Patriarchy: The Women's Writers' Industry and 'Feminist' Literary Criticism." In Antonia Finnan and Ann McLaren, eds. Dress, Sex and Text in Chinese Culture. Clayton, Australia: Monash Asia Institute, 1999, 183-97.

Evans, Harriet. Women and Sexuality in China: Female Sexuality and Gender Since 1949. NY: Continuum, 1997.

-----. "The Language of Liberation: Gender and Jiefang in Early Chinese Communist Party Discourse." Intersections (Sept. 1998).

-----. "Defining Difference: The 'Scientific' Construction of Sexuality and Gender in the PRC." Signs 20, 2 (Winter 1995).

Farris, Catherine, Anru Lee, and Murray Rubinstein, eds. Women in the New Taiwan: Gender Roles and Gender Consciousness in a Changing Society. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2004.

Feng, Jin. The New Woman in Early Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction. Lafayette, IN: Purdue UP, 2004. ["Introduction to The New Woman in Early Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction." Comparative Literature and Culture: A WWWeb Journal 6, 4 (Dec. 2004).]

Ferry, Megan. Chinese Women Writers of the 1930s and Their Critical Reception. Ph.d diss. St. Louis: Washington University, 1998.

-----. "Women's Literary History: Inventing Tradition in Modern China." Modern Language Quarterly 66, 3 (Sept. 2005).

-----. "Woman and Her Affinity to Literature: Defining Women Writers' Roles in China's Cultural Modernity." In Charles Laughlin, ed., Contested Modernities in Chinese Literature. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, 33-50

Finnane, Antonie and Anne McLaren, eds. Dress, Sex and Text in Chinese Culture. Clayton, Australia: Monash Institute, 1999.

Gerstlacher, Anna, et al, eds. Women and Literature in China. Bochum: Brockmeyer, 1985.

Gilmartin, Christina, et. al., eds. Engendering China: Women, Culture, and the State. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1994.

Glosser, Susan L. "'The Truths I Have Learned': Nationalism, Family Reform, and Male Identity in China's New Culture Movement, 1915-1923 ." In Susan Brownell and Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, eds. Chinese Femininities, Chinese Masculinities: A Reader. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002, 120-44.

Goodman, Bryna. "The New Woman Commits Suicide: The Press, Cultural Memory and the New Republic." Journal of Asian Studies 64, 1 (February 2005).

Goodman, Bryna and Wendy Larson, eds. Gender in Motion: Divisions of Labor and Cultural Change in Late Imperial and Modern China. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005. [contributors: Madeleine Yue Dong, Bryna Goodman, Gail Hershatter, Ellen R. Judd, Joan Judge, Wendy Larson, Susan Mann, Kenneth Pomeranz, Tze-lan Deborah Sang, Matthew H. Sommer, Luo Suwen, Catherine Vance Yeh, and Wang Zheng; table of contents]

Gunn, Edward. "Gender and Performativity in Contemporary Narratives from Taiwan and China." In Sung-sheng Yvonne Chang and Michelle Yeh, eds., Contemporary Chinese Literature: Crossing the Boundaries. Special issue of Literature East and West. Austin, TX: Department of Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures, 1995, 5-24.

Haddon, Rosemary. "Representation of Women in Chinese Fiction: The Female Body Subdued, Re(s)trained, (Dis)posessed." In Anatomy of Gender: Women's Struggle for the Body. Ottawa: Carleton UP, 1991, 81-96.

Hershatter, Gail. "Sexing Modern China." In Gail Hershatter, et.al., eds., Remapping China: Fissures in Historical Terrain. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1996, 77-93.

-----. Dangerous Pleasures: Prostitution and Podernity in Twentieth-Century Shanghai. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.

Hildebrand, Margeret. "Beleaguered Husbands: Representations of Marital Breakdown in Some Recent Chinese Fiction." Tamkang Review 30, 2 (Winter 1999): 111-).

Hom, Sharon K., ed. Chinese Women Traversing Diaspora: Memoirs, Essays, and Poetry. Levittown, NY: Garland, 1998.

Hong, Fan. Footbinding, Feminism, and Freedom: The Liberation of Women's Bodies in Modern China. London: Frank Cass, 1997.

Hong, Ying. "Mirror and Water--Love Among Women in Chinese Fiction of the 1990s." In Breaking the Barriers: Chinese Literature Facing the World. Stockholm: The Olof Palme International Center, 1997, 164-177.

Hu, Ying. "Writing Erratic Desire: Sexual Politics in Contemporary Chinese Fiction." In Xiaobing Tang and Stephen Snyder, eds., In Pursuit of Contemporary East Asian Culture. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996.

-----. Tales of Translation: Composing the New Woman in China, 1898-1918. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2000.

-----. "Naming the First New Woman." NAN NÜ: Men, Women and Gender in Early and Imperial China 3, 2 (2001).

Hung, Chang-tai. "Female Symbols of Resistance in Chinese Wartime Spoken Drama." Modern China 15 (April 1989): 149-177.

Jenner, W. J. F. "Tough Guys, Mateship and Honour: Another Chinese Tradition." East Asian History 12 (Dec. 1996).

Jiang, Haixin. "Reclaiming the Female Body: Cases in Chinese Women’s Writing." New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 2, 2 (Dec. 2000).

Jiang, Hong. "The Personalization of Literature: Chinese Women's Writing in the 1990s." The China Review 3, 1 (Spring 2002).

Jin, Siyan. "Triple Conflicts: Tradition/Modernity, Etiquette/Alienation, We/I." Tr. James Chin. Chinese Cross Currents 1, 2 (2004): 44-

Judge, Joan. "Talent, Virtue, and the Nation: Chinese Nationalism and Female Subjectivities in the Early Twentieth Century." The American Historical Review 106, 3 (June 2001): 765-803.

-----. "Blended Wish Images: Chinese and Western Exemplary Women at the Turn of the Twentieth Century." Nan Nu: Men, Women, and Gender in China 6, 1 (2004).

-----. The Precious Raft of History The Past, the West, and the Woman Question in China. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2008.

[press blurb: This book develops a new approach to historical change at the tur of the twentieth century, a crucial stage in the unfolding of Chines modernity. Its focus is on the fraught and momentous woma question, which foregrounded the cultural paradoxes and politica aspirations that define the era. Judge probes Chinese approaches t their own past and the modern West (mediated via Japan) through close examination of the varied cultural and political uses of femal biography—a genre with a 2,000-year history in China and a ne political salience in the early twentieth century. She analyzes the way a range of male and female actors appropriated historical Chinese an modern Western women's biographies to promote competing vision of female virtue, talent, and heroism—and by extension, to advanc competing evaluations of China's ritual teachings, cultural heritage and national future. Judge cogently maps these various approache and establishes a new hermeneutics of historical change. At the sam time, she highlights disjunctions among representations of exemplar heroines and between such representations and women's actual live by ending each chapter with a methodologically innovativ counterpoint. Excavating traces of the often highly mediate experience of China's first generation of female political activists overseas students, schoolteachers, and public writers, she question the ways long-standing and newly defined gender categories took on--or failed to take on—efficacy in women's everyday lives. Judg concludes by evaluating how women's issues continue to illuminat Chinese understandings of the past, the West, and the nation at th turn of the twenty-first century.]

Kao, Hsin-sheng C. Nativism Overseas: Contemporary Chinese Women Writers. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993. [translations of and articles about women's exile writing]

Karl, Rebecca E.. "'Slavery,' Citizenship, and Gender in Late Qing China's Global Contexts." In Rebecca E. Karl and Peter Zarrow, eds., Rethinking the 1898 Reform Period: Political and Cultural Change in late Qing China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2002, 212-44.

Kwok, Pui-lan. Chinese Women and Christianity, 1860-1927. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992.

Lan, Hua and Vanessa Fong, guest eds. "The 'Woman Question': Selected Essays form the May Fourth Era Women's Emancipation Movement." Special issue of Chinese Studies of History 31, 2 (Winter 1997/98).

-----, eds. Women in Republican China: A Sourcebook. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1999.

Larson, Wendy. "The End of 'Funu wenxue': Women's Literature from 1925 to 1935." Modern Chinese Literature 4, 1/2 (1988): 39-54. Also in Tani Barlow, ed., Gender Politics in Modern China. Durham: Duke University Press, 1993, 58-73.

-----. "Female Subjectivity and Gender Relations: The Early Stories of Lu Yin and Bing Xin." In X. Tang and L. Kang, eds. Politics, Ideology, and Literary Discourse in Modern China: Theoretical Interventions and Cultural Critique. Durham: Duke UP, 1993, 124-43.

-----. Women and Writing in Modern China. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

-----. "The Self Loving the Self: Men and Connoisseurship in Modern Chinese Literature." In Susan Brownell and Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, eds. Chinese Femininities, Chinese Masculinities: A Reader. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002, 175-97.

-----. "Woman, Moral Virtue, and Literary Text" [edited chapter of Women and Writing in Modern China]. In Corinne H. Dale, ed., Chinese Aesthetics and Literature: A Reader. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004, 55-69.

Lee, Mabel. "Chinese Women and Social Change: A Theme in Late Ch'ing Fiction and Its Subsequent Development." In Gungwu Wang, ed., Society and the Writer: Essays on Literature in Modern Asia. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, 1981, 123-38.

Leutner, Mechthild and Nicola Spakowski, eds. Women in China: The Republican Period in Historical Perspetive. Munster: Lit Verlag, 2005.

Li, Xiaojiang. "Resisting While Holding the Tradition: Claims for Rights Raised in Literature by Chinese Women Writers in the New Period." Tamkang Review 30, 2 (Winter, 1999): 99-110. Rpt. in Peng-hisang Chen and Whitney Crothers Dilley, eds., Feminism/Femininity in Chinese Literature. Amsterdam,: Rodopi, 2002, 109-116.

Li, Xiaojiang and Zhang Xiaodan. "Creating a Space for Women: Women's Studies in China." In China for Women: Travel and Culture. NY: Feminist Press, 1995, 173-90.

Li, Ziyun. "The Disappearance and Revival of Feminine Discourse." In Peng-hisang Chen and Whitney Crothers Dilley, eds., Feminism/Femininity in Chinese Literature. Amsterdam,: Rodopi, 2002, 117-26.

Lieberman, Sally Taylor. The Mother and Narrative Politics in Modern China. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1998.

Liu, Jen-Peng. "The Disposition of Hierarchy and the Late Qing Discourse of Gender Equality." Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 2, 1 (April 2001): 69-79.

Liu, Lydia. "Invention and Intervention: The Making of a Female Tradition in Modern Chinese Literature." In Ellen Widmer and David Wang, eds., From May Fourth to June Fourth: Fiction and Film in Twentiety-Century China. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1993, 194-220.

-----. "The Female Tradition in Modern Chinese Literature: Negotiating Feminisms across East/West Boundaries." Genders 12 (Winter, 1991): 22-44.

Lo, Man-wa. "Female Initiation and Subjectivity in Contemporary Chinese Fiction." Comparative Literature and Culture 3 (Sept. 1998): 74-87.

Louie, Kam. Theorising Chinese Masculinity: Society and Gender in China. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002. [reviewed by Chris Berry in Intersections 8 (Oct. 2002)].

Louie, Kam and Morris Low, eds. Asian Masculinities: The Meaning and Practice of Manhood in China and Japan. NY, London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

Lu, Sheldon H. "Popular Culture and Body Politics: Beauty Writers in Contemporary China." Modern Language Quarterly 69, 1 (2008): 167-85.

[Abstract: This essay is a study of a group of women writers who emerged on the Chinese literary scene in the late 1990s and the turn of the twenty-first century. They have been called beauty writers (meinü zuojia), referring to the authors themselves being beautiful women. Their writings are characterized by an unabashed, unprecedented foregrounding of female sexuality. While their novels were censored by the state now and then, they circulate on the Internet and contribute to the formation of China's booming Internet literature. The initial core group of beauty writers has made a large impact on other aspiring female writers eager to explore and expose their sensuality and sexuality. The parading and pandering of female subjectivity via a body politics have become a major literary fad in contemporary mainland China.]

Lu, Tonglin. Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Chinese Literature and Society. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993.

Ma, Yuxin. "Women Journalists in the Chinese Enlightenment, 1915-1923." Gender Issues 22, 1 (Dec. 2005): 56-84.

-----. "Male Feminism and Women's Subjectivities: Zhang Xichen, Chen Xuezhao, and the New Woman." Twentieth-Century China 29, no.1 (Nov 2003) 1-37.

-----. "Constructing Manchukuo Womanhood to Serve Japanese Imperialism." The Journal of Georgia Association of History (2005).

Martin, Fran. Situating Sexualities: Queer Representations in Taiwanese Fiction, Film and Public Culture. HK: University of Hong Kong Press, 2003. [reviewed by Kam Louie in Intersections 10 (Aug. 2004)].

McDougall, Bonnie S. "Discourse on Privacy by Women Writers in Late Twentieth Century China." China Information 19, 1 (March 2005): 97-119.

McLaren, Anne E. "Crossing Gender Boundaries in China: Nushu Narratives." Intersections (Sept. 1998).

Mei Sheng, ed. Zhongguo funu wenti taolun ji (Collection of discussion on the Chinese women's question). 6 vols. Shanghai: Xin wenhua, 1934 (originally published in 1923).

Meng, Yue. "Female Images and National Myth." In T. Barlow, ed. Gender Politics in Modern China: Writing and Feminism. Durham: Duke UP, 1993.

Meng Yue and Dai Jinhua. Fuchu lishi dibiao (Emerging from the horizon of history). Henan: Henan renmin, 1989.

Ono, Kazuko. Chinese Women in a Century of Revolution, 1850-1950. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1989.

Orliski, Constance. "The Bourgeois Housewife as Laborer in Late Qing and Early Republican Shanghai." Nan Nü 5, 1 ( 2003): 43-68.

Palandri, Angela, ed. Women Writers of Twentieth-Century China. Eugene: Asian Studies Publications, University of Oregon, 1982.

Peng, Hsiao-yen. "Sex Histories: Zhang Jingsheng's Sexual Revolution." Tamkang Review 30, 2 (Winter 1999): 71-98.

Roberts, Rosemary. "Chinese Women Writers and Their Responses to Western Feminism." Asian Studies Review 18, 2 (1994).

-----. "Women's Studies in Literature and Feminist Literary Criticism in Contemporary China." In Antonia Finnane and Ann McLaren, eds., Dress, Sex, and Text in Chinese Culture. Clayton, AUS: Monash Asia Institute, 1999, 225-40.

-----. "Gendering the Revolutionary Body: Theatrical Costume in Cultural Revolution China." Asian Studies Review 30, 2 (June 2006).

Rofel, Lisa. Other Modernities: Gendered Yearnings in China after Socialism. Berkeley: UCP, 1999.

Sang, Tze-lan D. The Emerging Lesbian: Female Same-Sex Desire in Modern China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

Siu, Bobby. Women of China: Imperialism and Women's Resistance, 1900-1949. London: ZED Press, 1982.

Smedley, Agnes. Portraits of Chinese Women in Revolution. Old Westbury, NY: Feminist Press, 1976.

Smith, Norman. "'I Am an Ordinary Woman': Yang Xu and the Articulation of Chinese Ideals of Womanhood in Japanese Occupied Manchuria." Asian Journal of Women's Studies 8, 3 (2002): 35-54.

[Yang Xu's (1918- ) second volume of collected works, My Diary (Wo de riji; 1944), articulates the key themes that prevailed in Chinese women's literature in the Japanese colonial state of Manzhouguo. In Manzhouguo, literature was a vital domain for the negotiation of Chinese cultural identities in a Japanese colonial context. This paper seeks to reveal how Yang Xu, like other contemporary Chinese women writers in Manzhouguo, was driven by the May Fourth ideals of women's emancipation that dominated social discourse in the Republic of China during the 1920s to defy the conservative cultural aspirations of the Japanese colonial regime.]

-----. "Disrupting Narratives: Chinese Women Writers and the Japanese Cultural Agenda in Manchuria, 1936-1945." Modern China 30, 3 (2004): 295-325.

[This article assesses the lives, careers, and literary legacies of the most prominent Chinese women writers during the latter stage of the Japanese occupation of Manchuria. The article reveals how they articulated dissatisfaction with the Japanese cultural agenda while working within Japanese colonial institutions. Empowered by ineffectual state policies and misogynous official neglect, the women embarked on a decade-long quest to describe and expose the reality of Chinese women's lives under Japanese occupation. May Fourth ideals of women's emancipation inspired them to forge careers as critics of Japan's cultural agenda, and they undermined Japanese efforts to sever ties between Manchuria and the rest of China. This study adds to a growing body of recent critical scholarship incorporating Chinese-language sources into received interpretations of Japan's colonial state of Manchukuo.]

-----. "Regulating Chinese Women's Sexuality During the Japanese Occupation of Manchuria: Between the Lines of Wu Ying's "Yu" (Lust) and Yang Xu's Wo de Riji (My Diary)." Journal of the History of Sexuality 13, 1 (Jan. 2004): 49-70.

Song, Geng. The Fragile Scholar: Power and Masculinity in Chinese Culture. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2004.

Stacy, Judith. Patriarchy and Socialist Revolution in China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.

Stevens, Sarah E. "Figuring Modernity: The New Woman and the Modern Girl in Republican China." NWSA Journal 15, 3 (2003): 82-103.

-----. Making Female Sexuality in Republican China: Women's Bodies in the Discourses of Hygiene, Education, and Literature. Ph. D. diss. Bloomington: Indiana University, 2001.

Thakur, Ravni. Rewriting Gender: Reading Contemporary Chinese Women. London: Zed Books, 1997.

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Wang, Jing M. When "I" Was Born: Women's Autobiography in Modern China. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2008.

[Abstract: In the period between the 1920s and 1940s, a genre emerged in Chinese literature that would reveal crucial contradictions in Chinese culture that still exist today. At a time of intense political conflict, Chinese women began to write autobiography, a genre that focused on personal identity and self-exploration rather than the national, collective identity that the country was championing. The author seeks to reclaim the voices of these particular writers, voices that have been misinterpreted and overlooked for decades. Tracing women writers as they move from autobiographical fiction, often self-revelatory and personal, to explicit autobiographies that focused on women’s roles in public life, Jing M. Wang reveals the factors that propelled this literary movement, the roles that liberal translators and their renditions of Western life stories played, and the way in which these women writers redefined writing and gender in the stories they told. But Wang reveals another story as well: the evolving history and identity of women in modern Chinese society. When “I” Was Born adds to a growing body of important work in Chinese history and culture, women’s studies, and autobiography in a global context. Writers discussed include Xie Bingying, Zhang Ailing, Yu Yinzi, Fei Pu, Lu Meiyen, Feng Heyi, Ye Qian, Bai Wei, Shi Wen, Fan Xiulin, Su Xuelin, and LuYin.]

Wang, Fei. "Literary Calls from Women Novelists." In Peng-hisang Chen and Whitney Crothers Dilley, eds., Feminism/Femininity in Chinese Literature. Amsterdam,: Rodopi, 2002, 187-98.

Wang, Lingzhen. Personal Matters: Women's Autobiographical Practice in Twentieth Century China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.

-----. "Reproducing the Self: Consumption, Imaginary, and Identity in Chinese Women's Autobiographical Practice in the 1990s." In Charles Laughlin, ed., Contested Modernity in Chinese Literature. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, 173-92. [deals primarily with Chen Ran's Private Life and Lin Bai's Self at War]

Wang, Ning. "Feminist Theory and Contemporary Chinese Female Literature." In Peng-hisang Chen and Whitney Crothers Dilley, eds., Feminism/Femininity in Chinese Literature. Amsterdam,: Rodopi, 2002, 199-210.

Wang, Shuzhu. The Double-Voiced Feminine Discourses: A Comparative Study of Women Writers in Modern Chinese Literature and Modern American Literature. Ph.d. diss. Purdue University, 2001.

Wang, Zheng. Women and the Chinese Enlightenment: Oral and Textual Histories. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.

-----. "Creating a Feminist Discourse." In Wang, Women and the Chinese Enlightenment: Oral and Textual Histories. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999, 35-66.

Wei, Yanmei. The Representation of Femininity and Mother-Daughter Relationships in Chinese Literature. Ph.D. diss. SUNY, Stonybrook, 1999.

Wesoky, Sharon. Chinese Feminism Faces Globalization. NY: Routledge, 2002.

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Wong, Kam-ming and Angelina Yee. Better by Half: Contemporary Chinese Women Writers. Forthcoming.

Wu, Cuncun. "Beautiful Boys Made Up as Beautiful Girls: Anti-Masculine Taste in Qing China." In Kam Louie and Morris Low, eds., Asian Masculinities: The Meaning and Practice of Manhood in China and Japan. NY, London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

Wusi shiqi funu wenti wenxuan (Selected writings of the May Fourth 'women's problem' debate). Beijing: Sanlian, 1981.

Xiong, Yuezhi. "The Theory and Practice of Women's Rights in Late Qing Shanghai, 1843-1911." In Kai-wing Chow, Tze-ki Hon, Hung-yok Ip, and Don Price, eds., Beyond the May Fourth Paradigm: In Search of Chinese Modernity. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008.

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Yan, Haiping. Chinese Women Writers and the Feminist Imagination, 1905-1948. Routledge, 2006.

[Contents: Introduction; (1) Unseen Rhythms, Sea Change; (2) Qiu Jin and Her Imaginary; (3) The Stars of Night: Bing Xin and the Literary Constellation of the 1920s; (4) Other Life: Bai Wei, Yuan Changying, and Social Dramas in the 1930s; (5) War, Death, and the Art of Existence: Mobile Women in the 1940s; (6) Rhythms of the Unreal [I]: Early Ding Ling and a Feminist Passage; (7) Rhythms of the Unreal [II]: The Ding Ling Story and the Chinese Revolution]

Yang, Mayfair Mei Hui, ed. Spaces of Their Own: Women's Public Sphere in Transnational China. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

-----. "From Gender Erasure to Gender Difference: State Feminism, Consumer Sexuality, and Women's Public Sphere in China." In Mayfair Mei Hui Yang, ed. Spaces of Their Own: Women's Public Sphere in Transnational China. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999, 1-31.

Yip, Terry Siu-han. "Place, Gender and Identity: The Global-Local Interplay in Three Stories from China, Taiwan and Hong Kong." In Kwok-kan Tam et al., eds., Sights of Contestation: Localism, Globalism and Cultural Production in Asia and the Pacific. HK: The Chinese University Press, 2002, 17-34. [deals with stories by Tie Ning, Zhang Xiguo (Chang Shi-kuo), and Ye Si]

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Yue, Mingbao. Woman and Representation: Feminist Readings of Modern Chinese Fiction. Ph.D. diss. Stanford University, 1991.

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Zhang, Jeanne Hong. "Gender in Post-Mao China." European Review 11, 2 (May 2003): 209-24.

[Abstract: Post-Mao gender discourse readjusts a politicized vision of gender based on Maoist ethics. While rejecting revolutionary concepts of sex equality, contemporary Chinese women embrace a notion of femininity through the revision of a traditional conception of womanhood as well as the construction of new role models. Women poets participate in this construction process with a fresh, powerful voice to express their gender consciousness. In their efforts to (re-)define womanhood, they present by poetic means radically gendered perspectives.]

-----. The Invention of a Discourse: Women’s Poetry from Contemporary China. Leiden: CNWS Publications, 2004. [MCLC Resource Center review by Paul Manfredi]

-----. "A Night of Their Own: Gender Identity in Women's Poetry after Mao." Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 6, 1 (2005): 90-118.

Zhang, Jingyuan. "Breaking Open: Chinese Women's Writing in the Late 1980s and 1990s." In Pang-yuan Chi and David Wang, eds., Chinese Literature in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: A Critical Survey. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000, 1161-79.

Zhongguo funu yundong lishi ziliao (History materials on the history of the Chinese women's movement). Vol 1: 1840-1918; vol 2 1918-1937; vol 3 1937-1945. Beijing: Zhongguo funu, 1991.

Zhong, Xueping. Masculinity Besieged? Issues of Modernity and Male Subjectivity in Chinese Literature of the Late Twentieth Century. Durham: Duke UP, 2000.

Berry, Chris. Fran Martin and Audrey Yue, eds. Mobile Cultures: New Media in Queer Asia. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003.

Chou, Wah-Shan. Tongzhi: Politics of Same-Sex Eroticism in Chinese Societies. New York: Haworth Press, 2000.

Cristini, Remy. The Rise of Comrade Literature: Significance and Development of a New Chinese Genre. MA Thesis. Leiden University, 2005.

Damm, Jens. "Same Sex Desire and Society in Taiwan, 1970–1987." The China Quarterly 181 (March 2005): 67-81.

Leung, Helen Hok-Sze. "Thoughts on Lesbian Genders in Contemporary Chinese Cultures." Journal of Lesbian Studies 6, 2 (Summer 2002): 123-133.

-----. "Notes on Sexual Dissidence in Hong Kong and Taiwan." West Coast Line 33, vol. 34, no.3 (Winter 2001): 8-26.

-----. Undercurrents: Queer Culture and Postcolonial Hong Kong. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2008.

[Abstract: Leung explores Hong Kong cultural productions--cinema, fiction, popular music and subcultural projects--and argues that while there is no overt consolidation of gay and lesbian identities in Hong Kong culture, undercurrents of diverse and complex expressions of gender and sexual variance are widely in evidence. ]

Martin, Fran. “Introduction.” In Martin, ed., Angelwings: Contemporary Queer Fiction from Taiwan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2003, 1-28.

-----. Situating Sexualities: Queer Representations in Taiwanese Fiction, Film and Public Culture. HK: University of Hong Kong Press, 2003.

Moran, Thomas. "Same-Sex Love in Recent Chinese Literature." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 488-95.

Sang, Tze-lan Deborah. The Emerging Lesbian: Female Same-sex Desire in Modern Chinese Literature and Culture. Ph. D. diss (Comp Lit). Berkeley: University of California. 1996.

-----. "Translating Homosexuality: The Discourse of Tongxing'ai in Republican China (1912-1949)." In Lydia Liu, ed., Tokens of Exchange: The Problem of Translation in Global Circulations. Durham: Duke UP, 1999, 276-304.

-----. "Lesbian Feminism in the Mass-Mediated Public Sphere of Taiwan." In Mayfair Mei-hui Yang, ed., Spaces of Their Own: Women's Public Sphere in Transnational China. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999, 132-61.

-----. "At the Juncture of Censure and Mass Voyeurism: Narratives of Female Homoerotic Desire in Post-Mao China." GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 8, no. 4 (2002).

-----. The Emerging Lesbian: Female Same-Sex Desire in Modern China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

Sieber, Patricia. "Introduction." In Seiber, ed. Red is Not the Only Color: Contemporary Chinese Fiction on Love and Sex between Women, Collected Stories. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001, 1-36.

Zhu, Ying. "Chinese Comrade Literature." In David Gerstner, ed., International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture – Contemporary Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transexual Cultures. London: Routledge: 2006.

Moran, Thomas. "Lost in the Woods: Nature in Soul Mountain." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 14, no. 2 (Fall 2002): 207-236.

Wu, Dingbo. "Environmental Literature: A Chinese Perspective." In Patrick D. Murphy ed., Literature of Nature: An International Sourcebook. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998, 300-3.

Yang, Ming-tu. "Ecological Consciousness in the Contemporary Literature of Taiwan." In Patrick D. Murphy ed., Literature of Nature: An International Sourcebook. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998, 304-14.

Yue, Gang. "The Strange Landscape of the Ancients: Environmental Consciousness in 'The King of Trees.'" American Journal of Chinese Studies 5, 1 (1998): 68-88.

Chen, Aili. The Search for Cultural Identity: Taiwan 'Hsiang-T'u' Literature in the Seventies. Ph.d. diss. Columbus: The Ohio State University, 1991.

Chen, Li-fen. "Nativist Literature." In Ke-wan Wang, ed., Modern China: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism. NY: Garland Publishing Co., 1998, 234-235.

Haddon, Rosemary M. "Taiwan Xiangtu wenxue: The Sojourner-Narrator." B.C. Asian Review 3-4 (1990).

-----. "The Xiangtu Wenxue Movement in Taiwan." B.C. Asian Review 1 (Dec. 1991).

-----. Nativist Fiction in China and Taiwan: A Thematic Survey. Ph.D. diss. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1993.

-----. "Chinese Nativist Literature of the 1920s: The Sojourner-Narrator." Modern Chinese Literature 8 (1994): 97-124.

-----. "Introduction: Taiwanese Nativism and the Colonial/Post-Colonial Discourse." In Rosemary Haddon, tr./ed , Oxcart: Nativist Stories from Taiwan, 1934-1977. Dortmund: Projekt Verlag, 1996, v-xxv.

Han, Shaogong. "After the 'Literature of the Wounded': Local Cultures, Roots, Maturity, and Fatigue." In Helmut Martin, ed., Modern Chinese Writers: Self-Portrayals. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1992.

Huot, Claire. "Colorful Folk of the Landscape: Fifth Generation Filmmakers and Roots Searchers." In Huot, China's New Cultural Scene: A Handbook of Changes. Durham: Duke University Press, 2000, 91-125.

Knight, Sabina. "Defiance and Fatalism in Roots-Seeking and Avant-Garde Fiction." In The Heart of Time: Moral Agency in Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2006, 191-221.

Kong, Haili. "The Spirit of 'Native-Soil' in the Fictional World of Duanmu Hongliang and Mo Yan." China Information 11, 4 (Spring 1997): 58-67.

Lau, Joseph. "Echoes of the May Fourth Movement in Taiwan Hsiang-t'u Fiction." In Hung-mao Tien, ed., Mainland China, Taiwan and US Policy. Cambridge, MA: OG Publishers, 1983, 135-50.

Lee, Haiyan. "The Other Chinese: Romancing the Folk in May Fourth Native Soil Fiction.” Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies ( special issue: “Ethics and Ethnicity”) 33, 2 (Sept. 2007): 9-34. [Deals with the works of Yang Zhensheng, Fei Ming, and Shen Congwen.]

Lee, Leo Ou-fan. "Introduction." In Jeanne Tai, ed./tr., Spring Bamboo: A Collection of Contemporary Chinese Short Stories. NY: Random House, 1989, xi-xvii.

Leenhouts, Mark. "Culture Against Politics: Roots-Seeking Literature." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 533-40.

-----. Leaving the World to Enter the World: Han Shaogong and Chinese Root-Seeking Literature. Leiden: CNWS Publications, 2005. [CNWS blurb]

Li, Qingxi. "Searching for Roots: Anticultural Return in Mainland Chinese Literature of the 1980s." In Pang-yuan Chi and David Wang, eds., Chinese Literature in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: A Critical Survey. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000, 110-123.

Lin, Sylvia Li-chun. "Toward a New Identity: Nativism and Popular Music in Taiwan." China Information 17, 2 (2003): 83-107.

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Lupke, Christopher. Modern Chinese Literature in the Post-Colonial Diaspora. Ph.D. diss. Ithaca: Cornell University, 1993.

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Wang, Rujie. "The Mosaic of Chinese Modernism in Fiction and Film: The Aesthetics of Primitivism, Taoism, and Buddhism." Canadian Review of Comparative Literature 35, 1-2 (March-June 2008): 14-39.

Wang, Tuo. "Native Literature as a Stimulus for Social Change: From a Writing Career to Political Activism." Tr. Juliettte Gregory. In Helmut Martin Modern Chinese Writers: Self-Portrayals. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1992, 224-30.

Yang, Chao. "Beyond 'Nativist Realism': Taiwan Fiction in the 1970s and 1980s." In Pang-yuan Chi and David Wang, eds., Chinese Literature in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: A Critical Survey. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000, 96-109.

Yeh, Catherine Vance. "Root Literature of the 1980s as a Double Burden." In Milena Dolezelova-Velingerova and Oldrich Kral, eds., The Appropriation of Cultural Capital: China's May Fourth Project. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2001, 229-56.

Yip, June. "Confronting the Other, Defining the Self: Hsiang-t'u Literature and the Emergence of a Taiwanese Nationalism." In Yip, Envisioning Taiwan: Fiction Cinema and the Nation in the Cultural Imaginary. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2004, 12-48.

Zhong, Xueping. "Manhood, Cultural Roots, and National Identity." In Masculinity Besieged? Issues of Modernity and Male Subjectivity in Chinese Literature of the Late Twentieth Century. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 150-70.