Feuerwerker, Yi-tsi Mei. "The Post-Modern 'Search for Roots' in Han Shaogong, Mo Yan, and Wang Anyi." In Feuerwerker, Ideology, Power, Text: Self-Representation and the Peasant "Other" in Modern Chinese Literature. Stanford: SUP, 1998, 188-238.

Iovene, Paola. "Authenticity, Postmodernity, and Translation: The Debates around Han Shaogong's Dictionary of Maqiao." Annali dell'Università degli Studi di Napoli L'Orientale 62 (2002): 197-218.

Lau, Joseph S. M. "Visitation of the Past in Han Shaogong's Post-1985 Fiction." In Ellen Widmer and David Wang, eds., From May Fourth to June Fourth: Fiction and Film in Twentiety-Century China. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1993, 295-326.

Lee, Vivian. "Cultural Lexicology: Maqiao Dictionary by Han Shaogong." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 14, 1 (Spring 2002): 145-177

Leenhouts, Mark. "Is it a Dictionary or a Novel?- On Playfulness in Han Shaogong's Dictionary of Maqiao." In Bonnie McDougall, Anders Hansson, eds, The Chinese at Play: Festivals, Games and Leisure. London: Kegan Paul, 2002.

-----. Leaving the World to Enter the World: Han Shaogong and Chinese Root-Seeking Literature. Leiden: CNWS Publications, 2005. [CNWS blurb]

-----. "Empty Talk: The Roots of Han Shaogong's Writing." World Literature Today (web exclusive) 85, 4 (July 2011).

Rong, Cai. "The Subject in Crisis: Han Shaogong's Cripple(s)."The Journal of Contemporary China 5 (Spring1994): 64-77.

Stuckey, Andrew. "Return to the Primitive: De-Civilized Origins in Han Shaogong's Fiction." In Stuckey, Old Stories Retold: Narrative and Vanishing Pasts in Modern China. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2010, 43-58.

Zhang, Yinde. "Han Shaogong, traducteur de Milan Kundera." In Isabelle Rabut, ed., Les belles infideles dans l'empire du milieu: Problematique et pratiques de la traduction dans le monde Chinois moderne. Paris: You Feng, 2010, 111-23.

Hao Ran
Chao, Ching. "Introducing the Writer Hao Jan." Chinese Literature 4 (1974): 95-101.

Egan, Michael. "A Notable Sermon: The Subtext of Hao Ran's Fiction." In Bonnie S. McDougal, ed., Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984, 224-43.

Elvin, Mark. "The Magic of Moral Power: Hao Ran, The Children of the Western Sands." In Elvin, Changing Stories in the Chinese World. Stanford: SUP, 1997, 149-77.

Hsu, Kai-yu. "Hao Ran." In Hsu, ed. The Chinese Literary Scene: A Writers' Visit to the People's Republic. NY: Vintage Books, 1975, 86-99.

Huang, Joe C. "Hao Ran [Hao Jan]: The Peasant Novelist." Modern China 2 (1976): 369-96.

Jenner, W.J.F. "Class Struggle in a Chinese Village-A Novelist's View: Hao Ran's Yan Yang Tian [Yen-yang t'ien]." Modern Asian Studies 1 (1967): 191-206.

King, Richard. "Revisionism and Transformation in the Cultural Revolution Novel." Modern Chinese Literature 7, 1 (Spring 1993): 105-29.

Sun Dayou and Liang Chunshui, eds. Hao Ran yanjiu zhuanji (Anthology of research on Hao Ran). Beijing: Baihua wenyi, 1994.

Wong, Kam-ming. "A Study of Hao Ran's Two Novels: Art and Politics in Bright Sunny Skies and The Road of Golden Light." In Wolfgang Kubin and Rudolf Wagner, eds., Essays in Modern Chinese Literature and Literary Criticism. Bochum: Brokmeyer, 1982, 117-49.

Yang, Lan. "Cultural Restoration Versus Cultural Revolution: A Traditional Perspective on Hao Ran's The Golden Road." China Information 18, 3 (Nov. 2004): 463-88.

He An
Sieber, Patricia. "He An." In Sieber, ed. Red Is Not the Only Color: Contemporary Chinese Fiction on Love and Sex between Women, Collected Stories. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001, 186-88.

He Dun
Lu, Jie. "Cultural Invention and Cultural Intervention: Reading Chinese Urban Fiction of the Nineties." Modern Chinese Liteature and Culture 13, 1 (Spring 2001): 107-39.

Visser, Robin. "Urban Ethics: Modernity and the Morality of Everyday Life." In Charles Laughlin, ed., Contested Modernities in Chinese Literature.New York: Palgrave, 2005. 193-216. [deals with fiction by Qiu Huadong, Zhu Wen, and Hu Dun [Ximalaya shan])

He Jiahong
Sautede, Eric. "Lawyer Hong's Father: A Writer's Tale of China's Past 30 Years." Chinese Cross Currents 1, 2 (2004): 70-95.

He Lingyun
Wagner, Rudolf. The Contemporary Chinese Historical Drama. Berkeley: UCP, 1990, 312-14. [deals with "Hua da chao" (Women beat up the emperor)]

He Qifang
Galik, Marian. "Early Poems and Essays of Ho Ch'i-fang." Asian and African Studies (Bratislava) 15 (1979): 31-63.

-----. "Ho Ch'i-fang's Paths in Dreams: the Interliterary Relations with English, French Symbolism and Greek Mythology." In Galik, ed., Milestones in Sino-Western Literary Confrontation (1898-1979). Weisbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1986, 153-76.

McDougall, Bonnie S. "European Influences in the Poetry of Ho Ch'i-fang." Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia 5, 1/2 (1967): 133-51.

-----. "The Poetry of Ho Ch'i Fang." M.A. (Hons) thesis, University of Sydney, 1967.

-----. "Memories and Metamorphoses of a Thirties' Intellectual: A Study of He Qifang's 'Old Men' (Lao ren)." Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 3, 1 (Jan. 1981): 93-107. [available on PROJECT MUSE]

He Zhen
Liu, Huiying. "Feminism: An Organic or an Extremist Position? On Tien Yee As Represented by He Zhen." positions 11, 3 (Winter 2003): 179-800.

Hei Ying
Zhang, Yinjing. "The Texture of the Metropolis: Modernist Inscriptions of Shanghai in the 1930s." Modern Chinese Literature 9, 1 (Spring 1995): 11-30.

Hong Ling (Lucifer Hung)
Parry, Amie and Liu Jen-peng. "The Politics of Schadenfreude: Violence and Queer Cultural Critique in Lucifer Hung's Science Fiction." positions: east asia cultures critique 18, 2 (Fall 2010): 351-72.

Hong Shen
Galik, Marian. "Hung Shen's Chao--The King of Hell: the Interliterary Relations with O'Neil and Baker." In Galik, ed., Milestones in Sino-Western Literary Confrontation (1898-1979). Weisbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1986, 123-34.

Hong Ying
Gunnars, Kristjana. "Trans-East Asian Literature: Language and Displacement in Hong Ying, Hikaru Okuizumi, and Yi Mun-yol." In Maria N. Ng and Philip Holden, eds., Reading Chinese Transnationalisms Society, Literature, Film. HK: Hong Kong UP, 2006.

Laurence, Patricia."Bloomsburied in China: Hong Ying's 'K.'" The Nation (April 4, 2003): 29-32.

"The Life in London in Writer Hong Ying's Eyes." Women of China.com (March 22, 2005).

Sieber, Patricia. "Hong Ying." In Sieber, ed. Red Is Not the Only Color: Contemporary Chinese Fiction on Love and Sex between Women, Collected Stories. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001, 188-89.

Xu, Jian. "Subjectivity and Class Consciousness in Hong Ying's Autobiographical Novel The Hungry Daughter." Journal of Contemporary China 56 (Aug. 2008): 529-42.

[Abstract: This essay studies Hong Ying's Hungry Daughter primarily as a novel, treating its autobiographical structure and enunciation as novelistic techniques aimed at developing a doubled subjectivity that straddles past and present to give the memory of social suffering a class consciousness. Choosing not to treat the work as purely a memoir, I highlight the fictional form of narration in the work's character portrayal and temporal configuration. I undertake to show how the personal and the private in Hong Ying's novel invariably lead outward to the collective experience. By focusing on the novel's distinctive qualities in developing a class-conscious subjectivity that mediates between the lived experience of suffering and the writer's imagination, I seek to set the work apart from the trendy memoir writing that produces cross-cultural commodities.]

Hu Feng
Biasco, Margherita. "Il caso Hu Feng." Mondo Cinese 75 (Sep 1991): 27-54.

Denton, Kirk A.. The Problematic of Self in Modern Chinese Literature: Hu Feng and Lu Ling. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

-----. "The Hu Feng Group: Genealogy of a Literary School." In Kirk A. Denton and Michel Hockx, eds., Literary Societies in Republican China. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008, 413-66.

Endrey, Andrew. "Hu Feng--Return of a Counter-Revolutionary." Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 5 (1981): 73-90.

Gibbs, Donald A. ed. "Dissonant Voices in Chinese Literature: Hu Feng." Chinese Studies in Lterature 1 (1979-1980), 947-74.

Goldman, Merle. "He Feng's Conflict with the Communist Literary Authorties." Papers on China 11 (1957), 149-91. Rpt. in The China Quarterly 17 (1962): 102-38.

Huang, Sung-k’ang. “The Inner Story of the Case of Hu Feng.” Revue des Pays de l’Est (1990).

Huters, Theodore. "Hu Feng and the Critical Legacy of Lu Xun." In Leo Lee, ed. Lu Xun and His Legacy. Berkeley: UCP, 1985, 129-52.

Kondo, Tatsuya. "The Transmission of the Yenan Talks to Chungking and Hu Feng: Caught Between the Struggle for Democracy in the Great Rear Area and Maoism." Acta Asiatica 72 (1997): 81-105.

Liu, Kang. "Subjectivity, Marxism, and Culture Theory in China." Social Text 31/32 (1992): 114-40.

Mao, Zedong. "Preface and Editor's Notes to the Material on the Counter-Revolutionary Hu Feng Clique." From Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press,1977, vol. 5: 176-83.

-----. "In Refutation of 'Uniformity of Public Opinion.'" From Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press,1977, vol. 5: 172-75..

Kuskowski-Pieroni, Theresa. The Writings of a Poet-Warrior: Hu Feng's Vision of Realism in China (1928-1948). Ph.D. diss. U. Wisconsin, Madison.

Shu, Yunzhong. Buglers on the Home Front: The Wartime Practice of the Qiyue School. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000, 23-42, 87-106.

Sorokin, Vladislav. "Hu Feng: His Views and His Life." Far Eastern Affairs (Moscow) 132, 4 (2000): 83-95.

Yang I-fan. The Case of Hu Feng. HK: Union Research Institute, 1956.

Hu Ping
Williams, Philip F. "Some Provincial Precursors of Popular Dissent Movements in Beijing." China Information 6, 1 (1991): 1-9. [analyzes Hu Ping's 1989 reportage novel, Zhongguo de mouzi, among other matters relevant to contemporary Chinese literature and culture].

Hu Shi   
Bai, Ji'an. "Hu Shi and Zhang Shizhao." Chinese Studies in History 39, 3 (Spring 2006): 3-32.

Chang, Han-liang. "Hu Shih and John Dewey: 'Scientific Method' in the May Fourth Era--China 1919 and After." Comparative Criticism 22 (2000): 91-103.

Chou, Min-chih. Hu Shih and Intellectual Choice in Modern China. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1984.

Egan, Susan Chan and Chih-p'ing Chou. A Pragmatist and His Free Spirit: The Half-Century Romance of Hu Shi and Edith Clifford Williams. HK: The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2008.

Eide, Elizabeth. China's Ibsen: From Ibsen to Ibsenism. London: Curzon Press, 1980.

Fried, Daniel. "Beijing's Crypto-Victorian: Traditionalist Influences on Hu Shi's Poetic Practice." Comparative Critical Studies 3, 3 (Autumn 2006): 371-89.

Fujii Shozo. "Ta shi Niuyue Dada pai: Hu Shi de lianren E. Kulifuduo Weliansi de yisheng" (She was a New York Dadaist: a biography of Hu Shi's lover E. Clifford Williams). Tr. Wang Huimin. Lu Xun yanjiu yuekan 182 (June 1997): 50-57.

Galik, Marian. "Hu Shih, Chou Tso-jen, Ch'en Tu-hsiu and the Beginning of Modern Chinese Literary Criticism." In Galik, The Genesis of Modern Chinese Liteary Criticism (1917-1930). London: Curzon Press, 1980, 9-27.

Kuo, Thomas. "Ch'en Tu-hsiu (1879-1942) and Hu Shih (1891-1962)." Chinese Studies of History 31, 1 (Fall 1997): 23-54.

Grieder, Jerome. Hu Shih and the Chinese Renaissance. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1970.

Ip, Manying. "Unlikely Friends: Hu Shih and Chang Yuan-chi." Chinese Studies of History 31, 1 (Fall 1997): 55-85

Jensen, Lionel. "Particular is Universal: Hu Shi, Ru, and the Chinese Transcendence of Nationalism." In Manufacturing Confucianism: Chinese Traditions and Universal Civilization. Durham: Duke UP, 1998, 217-64.

Hu Shi Memorial Hall (Hu Shi jinian guan) (Academica Sinica) (Big5)

Ng, Janet. "Names and Destiny: Hu Shi's and Lu Xun's Self-Nomination through Autobiography." In Ng, The Experience of Modernity: Chinese Autobiography in the Early Twentieth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003, 91-118.

Takeuchi, Yoshimi. "Hu Shi and Dewey." In Yoshimi Takeuchi. What Is Modernity? Writings of Takeuchi Yoshimi. Tr. Richard Calichman. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.

Tam, Kwok-kan. “Iconoclasm as Ibsenism: Ibsen in the May Fourth Era.” In Marian Galik, ed., Interliterary and Intraliterary Aspects of the May Fourth Movement 1919 in China. Bratislava: Veda, 1990, 119-28.

-----. "Ibsenism and Ideological Constructions of the 'New Woman' in Modern Chinese Fiction." In Peng-hisang Chen and Whitney Crothers Dilley, eds., Feminism/Femininity in Chinese Literature. Amsterdam,: Rodopi, 2002, 179-86.

-----. "Ibsenism and the Modern Chinese Self." Monumenta Serica 54 (2006): 287-98.

Wong, Yoon Wah. “The ‘New Tide’ That Came from America.” In Wong, Essays on Chinese Literature. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1988, 28-39.

-----. “Imagism and Hu Shi’s Programme for Literary Revolution.” In Wong, Essays on Chinese Literature. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1988, 39-51.

Hu Yepin
Ptak, Roderich. Hu Yeh-p'in und siene Erzahlung 'Nach Moskau' (Hu Yepin and his story "To Moscow). Bad Boll: Klemmerber-Verlag, 1979.

Hu Yuzhi
Bachner, Andrea. "Graphic Germs: Mediality, Virulence, Chinese Writing." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 23, 1 (Spring 2011): 197-225.

Huanzhulouzhu
Chard, Robert L. "Transcendents, Sorcerers, and Women Warriors: Huanzhulouzhu's Mountain Sword-warriors of Sichuan." Chinoperl Papers 20-22 (1997-99): 169-96.

Huang Biyun
Asker, D.B.D. "Eating Babies is Right and Wrong or Neither of the Above: Jonathan Swift and Huang Biyun." Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 3, 1 (July 1999): 131-43.

Lau, Joseph S. M. "The 'Little Woman' as Exorcist: Notes on the Fiction of Huang Biyun." Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 2, 2 (January 1999): 149-63.

Ng, Janet. "Writing from the Obverse: Wong Bik-Wan's Fiction and Nostalgia in Hong Kong." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 20, 1 (Spring 2008): 44-71

Sieber, Patricia. "Wong Bikwan (Huang Biyun)." In Sieber, ed. Red Is Not the Only Color: Contemporary Chinese Fiction on Love and Sex between Women, Collected Stories. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001, 193-95.

Huang Chunming (Hwang Ch'un-ming)
Goldblatt, Howard. "The Rural Stories of Hwang Chun-ming." In Jeannette L. Faurot, ed., Chinese Fiction from Taiwan: Critical Perspectives. Bloomington: IUP, 1980, 110-33.

Grueber, Isa. Moderne Zeiten--Chinesische Literatur aus Taiwan: Huang Chunmings Erzahlungen, 1967-1977. Bochum: Brockmeyer, 1987.

Kubin, Wolfgang. Search for Identity: Huang Chunming's "Sayonara-Zaijian". Honolulu: Workshop on Critical Approaches to Modern Chinese Short Stories, East-West Center, 1982.

Lai, Stanley. "The Short Stories of Huang Chun-ming." Fu Jen Studies 10 (1977): 25-40.

Li, Guoqing. "Roots in the Same Land: On Hwang Ch'un-ming and Kao Hsiao-sheng's Stories." Chinese Culture 38, 3 (1997): 117-35.

Li, Rui-t'eng. "Comfort the Old? On the Condition of the Aged in Huang Ch'un-ming's Fiction." Tr. Sylvia Li-chun Lin. Taiwan Fiction English Translation Series 5 (1999): 81-102.

Tam, King-fai. "Beautiful Americans, Ugly Japanese, Obsequiuous Chinese: The Depiction of Race in Huang Chunming's Stories." In Berel Lang, ed., Race and Racism in Theory and Practice. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000, 165-77.

Huang Guliu
Leung, Ping-kwan. "Two Discourses on Colonialism: Huang Guliu and Eileen Chang on Hong Kong in the Forties." Boundary 2. Special Issue ed. Rey Chow. 25, 2 (Fall 1998): 77-96.

Huang Guobin
Wong, Wai-leung. "An Appreciation of Huang Guobin's Poems." In Goldblatt, ed. Worlds Apart: Recent Chinese Writing and its Audiences. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 166-73.

Huang Jinshu (Ng Kim Chew)
Groppe, Alison. Not Made in China: Inventing Local Identities in Contemporary Malaysian Chinese Fiction (Li Yongping, Huang Jinshu, Li Tianbao, Li Zishu, Singapore). Ph. D. diss. Cambridge: Harvard University, 2006.

-----. "The Dis/Reappearance of Yu Dafu in Ng Kim Chew's Fiction." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 22, 2 (Fall 2010): 161-195.

Huang Luyin, see Lu Yin

Huang Qiuyun
K'ang, Cho. "Huang Ch'iu-yun's Revisionist Tendencies." In Hualing Nieh, ed. and co-trans., Literature of the Hundred Flowers Volume II: Poetry and Fiction. NY: Columbia University Press, 1981, 364-70.

Huang Xiang
Emerson, Andrew G. "The Guizhou Undercurrent." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 13, 2 (Fall 2001): 111-33.

-----. A Bilingual Edition of Poetry Out of Communist China by Huang Xiang. Tr. Andrew G. Emerson. Lewiston, NY: Mellen Press, 2004. [includes a general introduction on Huang Xiang's life and works]

Garside, Roger. "The Poet-Writer and the Poet." In Roger Garside, Coming Alive: China After Mao. NY: McGraw Hill, 1981, 285-98.

Huang Youde
Louie, Kam. "Masculinity and Penile Potency: Huang Youde's 'Ah Yi the Madman and Ah Zhu the Saint." The Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia 25/26 (1993/94): 165-76.

Huang Zunxian
Chen, Jianhua. "The Late Qing Poetry Revolution: Liang Qichao, Huang Zunxian, and Chinese Literary Modernity." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 333-40.

Kamachi, Noriko. Reform in China: Huang Tsun-hsien and the Japanese Model. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1981.

Lynn, John Richard. "A Nineteenth-Century Chinese Cross-Cultural Perspective: Huang Zunxian in Japa (1877-82)." Canadian Review of Comparative Literature 24, 4 (1997): 946-64.

Ng, Wai-ming. "The Formation of Huang Tsun-hsien's Political Thought in Japan (1877-1882)." Sino-Japanese Studies 8, 1 (Oct. 1995): 4-21.

Schmidt, J.D. Within the Human Realm: The Poetry of Huang Zunxian, 1848-1905. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994.

Tian, Xiaofei. "Muffled Dialect Spoken by Green Fruit: An Alternative History of Modern Chinese Poetry." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 21, 1 (Spring 2009): 1-45.


Huang Zuolin
Chen, Xiaomei. "Wilder, Mei Lanfang, and Huang Zuolin: A 'Suggestive Theater' Revisited." In Chen, Occidentalism: A Theory of Counter-Discourse in Post-Mao China. NY: Oxford UP, 1995, 119-36.

Fei, Faye Chunfang. Huang Zuolin: China's Man of the Theatre. Ph.d. diss. NY: City University of New York, 1991,

Hsia, Arian. "Huang Zuolin's Ideal of Drama and Bertolt Brecht." In C. Tung and C. MacKerras, eds., Drama in the People's Republic of China. Albany: SUNY, 1987, 151-62.

Quah, Sy Ren. "Searching for Alternative Aesthetics in the Chinese Theatre: The Odyssey of Huang Zuolin and Gao Xingjian." Asian Culture 24 (June 2000): 44-66.

Ji Pang
Shu, Yunzhong. "(Re)presentation of Historical Particularities Ji Pang's Night Travellers." In Shu, Buglers at the Home Front: The Wartime Practice of the Qiyue School. Albany: SUNY Press, 2000: 153-73.

Ji Xian (Chi Hsien)
Lin, Julia C. "Chi Hsien: An Exuberant Rhapsodist." In Lin, Essays on Contemporary Chinese Poetry. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1985, 12-26.

Jia Pingwa
Barme, Geremie. "Soft Porm, Packaged Dissent, and Nationalism: Notes on Chinese Culture in the 1990s." Current History 98, 584 (Sept. 1994): 270-76.

-----. In the Red: On Contemporary Chinese Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999,181-85.

Belfer, Lauren. "Review of Turbulence." New York Times (Sept. 22, 1991).

Chen, Jianhua "Feidu jiqi qishi: moshi wenshi de lishi fuxing" (Defunct Capital and its messages: the historical ‘replica’ of literati at the end of the century). Ershiyi shiji 25 (Oct. 1994): 83-93.

-----. "Feidu fei zai nali" (What does fei mean in Feidu?). Jintian no.4 (1994): 231-37.

-----. "Jia Pingwa, Feidu (Ruined Capital)." The Journal of Contemporary China 5 (Spring 1994): 106-9.

Curien, Annie "Feidu (La Capitale déchue): Le Jing Ping Mei de notre époque?” Perspectives chinoises 21 (janvier – février 1994): 52 -9.

-----. 2000 “La ville et l’ailleurs: Deux écrivains contemporains, Ye Si et Jia Pingwa.”Perspectives chinoises 62 (novembre – décembre, 2000): 57-64.

Curien, Annie and Jin Siyan, eds. Littérature chinoise: Le passé et l’écriture contemporaine. Paris: Maison des sciences de l’homme, 2001.

Du, Zhuan. "A Profile of Jia Pingwa." Chinese Literature 7 (1983): 40-43.

Duo Wei, ed. Feidu ziwei (The flavor of Abandoned Capital). Zhengzhou: Henan renimin, 1993. [volume of essays on the novel Feidu]

Fang, Jincai. The Crisis of Emasculation and the Restoration of Patriarchy in the Fiction of Chinese Contemporary Male Writers Zhang Xianliang, Mo Yan, and Jia Pingwa. Ph.D. Diss. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 2004.  

Fei Bingxun, ed. Feidu daping (A complete collection of essays on Jia Pingwa). Hong Kong: Tiandi tushu gong si, 1998.

-----. Jia Pingwa lun (On Jia Pingwa). Taipei: Shuiniu 1992.

Fen Youyuan. Pingwa de foshou (The Buddha’s hand in Jia Pingwa’s possession). Shanghai: Shanghai renmin, 1997.

Hu Heqing Lingdi de mianxiang (Affectionate thoughts in the land of the spirits). Beijing: Xuelin, 1994.

Huang Haizhou. Feidu zhi mi (Mystery of Defunct Capital). Guiyang: Guizhou renmin, 1993.

Hutchinson, Paul E. "Review of Turbulence." Library Journal 116 (1992): 145.

Jia Pingwa and Mo Tao. Pingwa zhi lu: Jia Pingwa jingshen zizhuan (An uneven path: autobiography of Jia Pingwa’s intellectual development). Xining: Qinghai renmin, 1994.

Jiang Xin. Feidu zhi mi (The mysteries of Defunct Capital). Taipei: Fengyun, 1994.

Kinkley, Jeffrey C. "Review of Turbulence." Choice 29 (April 1992): 1235.

Lai Daren. Hungui hechu: Jia Pingwa lun (Where could the soul settle? On Jia Pingwa), Beijing: Huaxia, 2000.

Leung, K. C. "Review of Turbulence." World Literature Today 67 (Winter 1993): 232.

Liu Bin and Wang Ling, eds. Shizu de Jia Pingwa (The mistaking Jia Pingwa). Beijing: Huaxia, 1994.

Louie, Kam. "The Macho Eunuch: The Politics of Masculinity in Jia Pingwa's 'Human Extremities.'" Modern China 17, 2 (1991): 163-87.

Lu, Sheldon Hsiao-peng. China, Transnational Visuality, Global Postmodernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001, 239-59.

Rabut, Isabelle. "Jia Pingwa: sexe, verite et impertinence." La quinzaine litteraire 272 (Nov. 1997): 8-9.

Rojas, Carlos. "Flies' Eyes, Mural Remnants, and Jia Pingwa's Perverse Nostalgia." positions: east asia cultures critique 14, 3 (Winter 2006): 749-73. [Project Muse link]

Siu, Helen F ed. Furrows: Peasants, Intellectuals, and the State: Stories and Histories from Modern China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.

Stowe, John Edward. The Peasant Intellectual Jia Pingwa: An Historico-Literary Analysis of His Life and Early Works. Ph. d. diss. Toronto: University of Toronto, 2003.

Sun, Jianxi. "Jia Pingwa and his Ficiton." In Yang Bian, ed., The Time is Not Ripe: Contemporary China's Best Writers and Their Stories. Beijing: FLP, 1991, 99-111.

-----. Guicai Jia Pingwa (The genius Jia Pingwa). 2 vols. Taiyuan: Beiyue, 1994.

-----. Zhongguo wentan dadizhen: Jia Pingwa changxiaoshu chuangzuo chuban jishi (Earthquakes in China’s literary scene: a true record of the creation and production of Jia Pingwa’s best sellers). Beijing: Zhongguo guangbo dianshi, 2000.

-----. Jia Pingwa qianzhuan (A preliminary biography of Jia Pingwa). 3 vols. Guangzhou: Huacheng, 2001.

Wang, David Der-wei. "Review of Turbulence." Modern Chinese Literature 6, 1/2 (1992): 247-250.

-----. "Tuijian xu: Lang lai le" (A preface of recommendation: the wolves are here), in Jia Pingwa, Huainian lang (Remembering the wolves). Taipei: I-front Publications, 2001, 3-6.

Wang, Yiyan."Elegy for Chinese High Culture: Feidu as Fictional Enculturation." The Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia 27/28 (1995/96): 165-94.

-----. "Language, Time and Introspection: Margaret Atwood and Jia Pingwa." Australian-Canadian Studies: a Journal for the Humanities & Social Sciences 15/16, 1/2 (1997-1998): 13-41.

-----. Narrating China: Defunct Capital and the Fictional World of Jia Pingwa. Ph.D. diss. Sydney: University of Sydney, 1998.

-----. "Mr Butterfly in Defunct Capital: Soft Masculinity and (Mis)engendering China.” In Kam Louie and Morris Low, eds., Chinese and Japanese Masculinities. London: Routledge, 2003.

-----. “Mr Butterfly in Defunct Capital: “Soft” Masculinity and (Mis)Engendering China.” In Kam Louie and Morris Low, eds., Asian Masculinities: The Meaning and Practice of Manhood in China and Japan. NY, London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

-----. "Shuo jiayuan xiangqing, tan guozu shenfeng: Shilun Jia Pingwa de xiangtu xiaoshuo" (Local Stories, national identity: a study of Jia Pingwa’s nativist writing). Dangdai zuojia pinglun 2 (2003): 117-26.

-----. Narrating China: Jia Pingwa and His Fictional World. London, New York: Routledge, 2006. [MCLC Resource Center review by Robin Visser]

-----. "Interview with Jia Pingwa by Wang Yiyan. The IIS Interview Series (Xi’an; 27 Dec. 2003).

Wang Xinmin, ed. Duose Jia Pingwa (The flamboyant Jia Pingwa). Xi’an: Shaanxi renmin, 1993.

Wang Yongsheng, et al. Jia Pingwa de yuyan shijie (The linguistic world of Jia Pingwa), Xi’an: Taibai wenyi, 1994.

Wang Zhongsheng. Jia Pingwa de xiaoshuo yu dongfang wenhua (Jia Pingwa’s fiction and oriental culture). Xi’an: Shaanxi renmin, 1992.

Xiao Xialin, ed. Feidu fei shei (Who is abandoned in Abandoned Capital). Beijing: Xueyuan, 1993. [collection of essays about Feidu]

Xingming, ed. 1994. Jia Pingwa mi zhong mi (The mystery inside the mystery of Jia Pingwa). Xi’an: Taibai wenyi, 1994.

Xu Zidong. "Xungen wenxuezhongde Jia Pingwa he Ah Cheng" (Jia Pingwa and Ah Cheng in root-searching literature). Bulletin of Chinese Studies 3 (1996): 81-91.

Zeng Lingcun. Jia Pingwa sanwen yanjiu (Studies on Jia Pingwa’s prose essays). Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan, 2003.

Zha, Jianying. "Yellow Peril." TriQuarterly 93 (Spring-Summer 1995): 238-64.

-----. China Pop: How Soap Operas, Tabloids, and Bestsellers Are Transforming a Culture. NY: The New Press, 1995: 129-39, 146-64.

Zheng, Mingfang. The Tragic Vision in Jia Pingwa's Four Novels of 1990s (feidu, baiye, tumen, and gaolaozhuang). Ph.D diss. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 2004.

Zhongguo dianying, ed. Yeshan – cong xiaoshuo dao yinmu (Wild mountains: from fiction to film). Beijing: Zhongguo dianying, 1990.

Zhu Wenxin. ed. Shoucang Jia Pingwa – Jia Pingwa zhuzuo banben jilu (Collecting Jia Pingwa: list of Jia Pingwa’s publications). Xi’an: Sanqin, 2002.

Jiang Guangci
Crespi, John A. "Jiang Guangci." In Dictionary of Literary Biography--Chinese Fiction Writers, 1900-1949. Ed. Thomas Moran. NY: Thomson Gale, 2007, 66-72.

Fang Ming, ed. Jiang Guangci yanji ziliao (Research materials on Jiang Guangci). Yinchuan: Ningxia renmin, 1983.

Galik, Marian. "Studies in Modern Chinese Literary Criticism: VI. Chiang Kuang-tz'u's Concept of Revolutionary Literature." AAS 8 (1972): 43-70.

-----. "Chiang Kuang-tz'u's Theory of Revolutionary Literature." In Galik, The Genesis of Modern Chinese Literary Criticism, 1917-1930. London: Curzon Press, 1980, 142-65.

Hsia, T.A. "The Phenomenon of Chiang Kuang-tz'u." In T.A. Hsia. The Gate of Darkness. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1968, 55-100.

Laughlin, Charles. "The Moon Coming out from the Clouds: Jiang Guangci and Early Revolutionary Fiction in China." In Tao Dongfeng, Yang Xiaobin, Rosemary Roberts, and Yang Ling, eds. Chinese Revolution and Chinese Literature. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2009, 27-44.

Lee, Leo Ou-fan. "Chiang Kuang-tz'u." In Leo Ou-fan Lee. The Romantic Generation of Modern Chinese Writers. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973, 201-221.

Williams, Philip F. "Pierrot Figures in the Modern Chinese Novella." Asian Review 9, 1 (1989): 21-24. [comparative analysis of works by Mu Shiying and Jiang Guangci].


Jiang Gui (Chiang Kui)
Hsia, C. T. "Obsession with China (II): Three Taiwan Writers." In Hsia, A History of Modern Chinese Fiction. 3rd ed. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 363-86.
[deals with Jiang Kui, Yu Guanzhong, and Bai Xianyong]

Ross, Timothy. Chiang Kuei. Boston: Twayne, 1974.

Wang, David Der-wei. "The Monster That Is History: Jiang Gui’s A Tale of Modern Monsters." In David Der-wei Wang and Carlos Rojas eds., Writing Taiwan: A New Literary History. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2006, 181-212.


Jiang He
Yip, Wai-lim. "Crisis Poetry: An Introduction to Yang Lian, Jiang He and Misty Poetry." Renditions 23 (1985): 120-30.

Jiang Wenye
Wang, David Der-wei. "In Search of a Genuine Chinese Sound: Jaing Wenye and Modern Chinese Music." In Jing Tsu and David Der-wei Wang, eds., Global Chinese Literature: Critical Essays. Leiden: Brill, 2010, 157-76.

Jiang Zidan
Zhong, Xueping. "Sisterhood? Representations of Women's Relationships in Two Contemporary Chinese Texts." In Tonglin Lu, ed., Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth Century Chinese Literature and Society. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993, 157-73.

Jiang Zilong
Louie, Kam. "In Search of Socialist Capitalism and Chinese Modernisation: Jiang Zilong's Ideas on Industrial Management." Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 12 (1984): 87-96. Rpt. in Louie, Between Fact and Fiction: Essays on Post-Mao Chinese Literature and Society. Sydney: Wild Peony, 1989, 38-48.

Wagner, Rudold. Inside the Service Trade: Studies in Contemporary Chinese Prose. Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1992, 379-430. [deals with "Manager Qiao Takes Over"]


Jin Songcen
Yeh, Catherine Vance. “The Life-Style of Four Wenren in Late Qing Shanghai.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 57, 1 (1997): 419-70. [deals with Wang Tao, Chen Jitong, Zeng Pu, and Jin Songcen]

Jin Yong (or Louis Cha)
Chang, Hsiao-hung. "'What Sort of Thing Is Sentiment?' Gifts, Love Tokens, and Material Evidence in Jin Yong's Novels." In Carlos Rojas and Eileen Cheng-yin Chow, eds., Rethinking Chinese Popular Culture: Cannibalizations of the Canon. NY: Routledge, 2009, 235-61.

Chen, Pingyuan. Qiangu wenren xiake meng: Wuxia xiaoshuo leixing yanjiu (Chivalric dreams of the literati: a generic study of martial arts fiction). Beijing: Renmin wenxue, 1992.

-----. "Transcending 'High' and 'Low' Distinctions in Literature: The Success of Jin Yong and the Future of Martial Arts Novels." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Trs. Mengjiao Jiang and Ann Huss. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 55-72.

Elegant, Simon. "The Storyteller: What Makes Louis Cha's Martial Arts Novels So Wildly Popular in Asia?" Far Eastern Economic Review (Sept. 5, 1996): 38-44.

Foster, Paul B. "Jin Yong’s Linghu Chong Faces off against Lu Xun’s Ah Q:Complements to the Construction of National Character." Twentieth-Century China 30, 1 (Nov. 2004).

Fu, Ping. "Reconfiguring Jianghu on Screen." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 271-86.

Hamm, John Christopher. "The Marshes of Mount Liang Beyond the Sea: Jin Yong's Early Martial Arts Fiction and Post-War Hong Kong." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 11, 1 (Spring 1999): 93-124.

-----. "Creating Classic Literature: On the Revision of Jin Yong's Sword of Loyalty." In Wang Qiugui, ed., Proceedings of the Interational Conference on Jin Yong's Novels. Taipei: Yuan-liou, 1999, 425-46.

-----. "Martial Arts Fiction and Jin Yong." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 509-14.

-----. Paper Swordsmen: Jin Yong and the Modern Chinese Martial Arts Novel. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2005.

-----. "The Labyrinth of Identity: Jin Yong's Song of the Swordsman." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 97-119.

-----. "Cannibalizing the Popular: The Case of Jin Yong." In Carlos Rojas and Eileen Cheng-yin Chow, eds., Rethinking Chinese Popular Culture: Cannibalizations of the Canon. NY: Routledge, 2009, 75-87.

Huss, Ann and Jianmei Liu, eds. The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007.

Li, Tuo. "The Language of Jin Yong's Writing: A New Direction in the Development of Modern Chinese." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Tr. John Christopher Hamm. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 39-53.

Li, Yijian. "'Rewriting' Jin Yong's Novels into the Canon: A Consideration of Jin Yong Novels as Serialized Fiction." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Tr. Carlos Rojas. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 73-96.

Liu, Jianmei. "Gender Politics in Jin Yong's Martial Arts Novels." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Trs. Aijun Zhu and Ann Huss. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 179-200.

Liu, Zaifu. "Jin Yong and Twentieth-Century Chinese Literature." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Trs. Kristof Van den Troost and Ann Huss. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 23-37.

-----. "Afterword: Several Important Issues Regarding the Jin Yong Phenomenon." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Tr. Aijun Zhu. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 287-92.

Ma, Kwok-ming. "Hongkong Martial Arts Novels: The Case of Louis Cha." M.Phil. Thesis. HK: University of Hong Kong, 1995.

Minford, John. "The Deer and the Cauldron--The Adventures of a Chinese Trickster." East Asian History 5 (1993): 1-100.

-----. "Translator's Introduction." In The Deer and the Cauldron: The Adventures of a Chinese Trickster: Two Chapters from a Novel by Louis Cha.Canberra: Institute of Advanced Studies, ANU, 1994.

Rojas, Carlos. "Jin Yong's Martial Arts Picture Manuals." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 241-69.

-----. "Jin Yong and Picturing Nationalism." In Rojas, The Naked Gaze: Reflections on Chinese Modernity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2008, 136-158.

Shen, Shuang. "Translating Jin Yong: The Context, The Translator, and the Texts." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 201-18.

Song, Weijie. "Nation-State, Individual Identity, and Historical Memory: Conflicts Between Han and Non-Han Peoples in Jin Yong's Novels." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 155-78.

-----. "Space, Swordsmen, and Utopia: The Dualistic Imagination in Jin Yong's Narratives." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 23-38.

Tian, Xiaofei. "The Ship in a Bottle: The Construction of an Imaginary China in Jin Yong's Fiction." In Ann Huss and Jianmei Liu eds., The Jin Yong Phenomenon: Chinese Martial Arts Fiction and Modern Chinese Literary History. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2007, 219-40.

Jing Yinyu
Findeisen, Raoul. "Le malheureux garçon. Jean-Baptiste Jing Yinyu, pensionnaire de l'Institut franco-chinois de Lyon, traducteur de Romain Rolland." Gryphe 2 (2001).

Kang Youwei
Hsiao, Kung-ch'uan. "Kang Yu-wei and Confucianism." Monumenta serica 18 (1959): 96-212.

-----. A Modern China and a New World: Kang Yu-wei, Reformer and Utopian, 1858-1927. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1975.

Larson, Jane Leung. "Articulating China's First Mass Movement: Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, the Baohuanghui, and the 1905 Anti-American Boycott." Twentieth-Century China 33, 1 (Nov. 2007).

Lo, Jung-pang, ed. K'ang Yu-wei: a Biography and a Symposium. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1967.

Wagner, Rudolf. “The Philologist as Messiah: Kang Youwei's 1902 Commentary on the Confucian Analects.” In Glen Most ed., Disciplining Classics - Altertumswissenschaft als Beruf. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 2002, 143-168.

Wu, Lawrence. "Kang Youwei and the Westernization of Modern Chinese Art." Orientations 21, 3 (March 1990): 46-53.


Kang Zhuo


Ke Yunlu and Xue Ke
Martin, Helmut. "The Drama Tragic Song of Our Time (Shidai de beige): Functions of Literature in the Eighties and its Socio-Political Limitations." In C. Tung and C. Mackerras, eds., Drama in the People's Republic of China. Albany: SUNY Press, 1987, 254-81.

Lai Ho (or Lai He)
Chang, Heng-hao. "A Pervasive and Profound 'Vision of the Times'--A Comparison between Lai Ho's Guijia [Going Home] and Lu Xun's Guxiang [My Hometown]. Taiwan Literature: English Translation Series 21 (July 2007): 123-40.

Chen Fangming. Zuoyi Taiwan--zhimindi wenxue yundong shilun (Left Taiwan--discussions of the history of the colonial literature movement). Taipei: Maitian, 1998.

Ch'en, Chien-chung. "In the Name of Taiwan: Lai Ho and the History of Taiwan Literature." Taiwan Literature, English Translation Series no. 20 (2007): 3-12.

Haddon, Rosemary. "Lai He." In Dictionary of Literary Biography--Chinese Fiction Writers, 1900-1949. Ed. Thomas Moran. NY: Thomson Gale, 2007, 73-78.

Lin, Jui-ming. "Where There Is Rock, There Is the Seed of Fire: Lu Xun and Lai Ho." Taiwan Literature, English Translation Series 15 (2004): 185-98.

Yang, Kuei. "Remembering Dr. Lai Ho." Tr. Mary Treadway. Taiwan Literature, English Translation Series 2 (Dec. 1997): 59-66.

Tu, K. C.. "Foreword: Lai Ho, Wu Cho-liu, and Taiwan Literature." Taiwan Literature English Translation Series 15 (2004): xix-xxx.

Lai Shengchuan (Stan Lai)
Braester, Yomi. "In Search of History Point Zero: Stan Lai's Drama and Taiwan's Doubled Identities." Journal of Contemporary China no. 57 (Nov. 2008): 689-698.

Liu, Joyce C. "Re-staging Cultural Memories in Contemporary Theatre in Taiwan: Wang Qimei, Stanley Lai, and Lin Huaimin." In Steven Totosy de Zepetnek and Jennifer W. Jay, eds., East Asian Cultural and Historical Perspectives: Histories and Society, Culture and Literatures. Edmonton: Research Institute for Comparative Literature and Cross-Cultural Studies, University of Alberta, 1997, 267-78.

Lan Bozhou
Yang, Xiaobin. "Telling (Hi)story: Illusory Truth or True Illusion." Tamkang Review 21, 2 (1990): 127-47.

Lao She
Andrs, Dusan. "A 'Spiritual Portrait' of the Anti-Japanese War in Lao She's Four Generations under one Roof." [review of Lao She: Vier Generationen unter einem Dach. ] Archiv Orientalni 67, 3 (1999): 379-84.

Bady, Paul. "Death and the Novel-On Lao She's 'Suicide'." Renditions 10 (1978): 5-20.

-----. Lao She, Lao niu po che: Essai autocritique sur le roman et l'humor. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1974.

Bickers, Robert. "New Light on Lao She, London and the London Missionary Society." Modern Chinese Literature 8 (1994): 21-39.

Birch, Cyril. "Lao She: The Humourist in His Humour." China Quarterly 8 (1961): 45-62.

Brandauer, Frederick P. "Selected Works of Lao She and Mao Tun and Their Relevance for Christian Theology." Ching Feng 11, 2 (1968): 25-43.

Chan, Stephen. "Split Consciousnes: The Dialectic of Desire in Camel Xiangzi." Moder Chinese Literature 2, 2 (1986): 171-97.

Chen, Weiming. Pen or Sword: The Wen-Wu Conflict in the Short Stories of Lao She (1899-1966). Ph.D. Diss. Berkeley: Stanford University, 1985.

Chou, Sui-ning Prudence. "Lao She: An Intellectual's Role and Dilemma in Modern China." Ph.D. Dissertation. Berkeley: University of California, 1976.

Chow, Rey. “Fateful Attachments: On Collecting, Fidelity, and Lao She.” Critical Inquiry 28, 1 (2001). Rpt. in Michel Hockx and Ivo Smits, eds., Reading East Asian Writing: The Limits of Literary Theory. New York and London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003, 1-22.

Duke, Michael. "The Urban Poor in Lao She's Pre-War Short Stories." Phi Theta Papers 12 (1970): 72-99.

Duke, Michael. "Images of the Urban Poor in Lao She' Short Stories." Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 13, 2 (1978): 137-149.

Faurot, Jeannette. "Lao She's Philosophy and The Philosophy of Lao Zhang." Chinoperl Papers 20-22 (1997-99): 159-68.

Galik, Marian. "Lao She's Looking Westward to Ch'ang-an and Gogol's The Inspector General." In Galik, ed., Milestones in Sino-Western Literary Confrontation (1898-1979). Weisbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1986, 225-42.

Grossholtforth, Petra. Chinesen in London: Lao she's Roman Er Ma. Bochum: Brockmeyer, 1985.

Hillenbrand, Margaret. "Ambivalent Attitudes to Nationalism in the Prewar Fiction of Lao She." Archiv Orientalni 65 (1997).

Ho, Koon-ki Tommy. "Cat Country: A Dystopian Satire." Modern Chinese Literature 3 (1987): 71-90.

-----. "From the Absurdist to the Realist: A Reading of Lao She's Teahouse from a Comparative Perspective." Oriens Extremus 39, 2 (1996).

Hsia, C.T. "Lao She." In Hsia, A History of Modern Chinese Fiction. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971, 165-88, 366-75.

Hu, King. "Lao She in England." Tr. Cecelia Y. L. Tsim. Renditions 10 (1978): 46-52.

Huang, Alexander. "Cosmopolitanism and Its Discontents: The Dialectics between the Global and the Local in Lao She's Fiction." Modern Language Quarterly 69, 1 (March 2008): 97-118.

[Abstract: Modern Chinese fiction dealing with cultural others can be taken as a lens through which to reread the cosmopolitan theory. At stake in the debate between communitarianism and liberalism are the viability of single cultural membership and its validity. Lao She's Self-Sacrifice (1934) and Dr. Wen (1936-37) question the viability of global cultural membership. For Lao She, cultural hotchpotch—as suggested by Salman Rushdie—is not an option. These novellas dramatize the dialectic between the global and the local at a crossroads of Chinese nationalism and Western imperialism. Lao She's representation of Dr. Mao and Dr. Wen also pose challenging questions for his contemporaries and for twenty-first-century readers alike: Can one ever refuse to be defined by the local, either by birth or by acculturation? What are the implications and consequences if one so chooses?]

Hung, Chang-t'ai. "New Wine in Old Bottles." In Hung, War and Popular Culture: Resistance in Modern China, 1937-1945. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994, 187-220.

Jameson, Frederic. "Literary Innovation and Modes of Production: A Commentary." Modern Chinese Literature 1, 1 (1984): 67-72.

Kao, George, ed. Two Writers and the Cultural Revolution: Lao She and Ch'en Jo-hsi. HK: Chinese UP, 1980.

-----. "Lao She in America-Arrival and Departure." Renditions 10 (1978): 68-77.

Krauter, Uwe. "Opening the Door to a Strange World: Teahouse in Europe." Chinese Literature 3 (March 1981): 116-23.

Lao She Biography (Pegasos Website, Finland)

Lee, Leo Ou-fan. "Lao She's 'Black Li and White Li': A Reading in Psychological Structure." In Theodore Huters, ed., Reading the Modern Chnese Short Story. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1990, 3-21.

LeMaster, J. R. "Lao She's Children Talk About Their Father." Tamkang Review 32, 2 (Winter 2001): 175-.

Leung, Yin-nan. "Lao She and the Philosophy of Food." Asian Culture Quarterly 21, 4 (1993): 1-10.

Li, Peter. "Lao She and Chinese Folk Literature." Chinoperl Papers 19 (1996): 1-20.

Lloyd, Gregory Arthur. The Two-storied Teahouse: Art and Politics in Lao She's Plays. Ph.d. diss. Berkeley: University of California, 2000.

Louie, Kam. "Constructing Chinese Masculinity for the Modern World: with Particular Reference to Lao She’s The Two Mas." China Quarterly 164 (2000): 1062-1078.

Lyell, William A. "Lao She." In Dictionary of Literary Biography--Chinese Fiction Writers, 1900-1949. Ed. Thomas Moran. NY: Thomson Gale, 2007, 79-94.

Meng Guanglai, et al. Lao She yanjiu lunwen ji (Collection of scholarly essays on Lao She). Jinan: Shandong renmin, 1983.

Meserve, Walter and Ruth Meserve. "Lao Sheh: From People's Artist to an Enemy of the People." Comparative Drama 8 (1974): 145-46.

Moran, Thomas. "The Reluctant Nihilism of Lao She's Camel Xiangzi." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 4452-57.

Munro, S.R. The Function of Satire in the Works of Lao She. Singapore: Chinese Language Centre, Nanyang University, 1977.

Shih, Vincent, Y.C. "Lao She, A Conformist? An Anatomy of a Wit under Constraint." In David C. Buxbaum and Frederick W. Mote, eds., Transition and Permanence: Chinese History and Culture. HK: Cathay Press, 1972, 307-19.

Shu Yi. Lao She zhi si (The death of Lao She). Beijing: Guoji wenhua, 1987.

-----. "The Hidden Manchu Literature in Lao She's Writings." Trs. Britt Towery, Gu Jingyu, and Sui Gang. Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese. 2, 1 (July 1998): 133-38. Rpt. in Britt Towery. Lao She: China's Master Storyteller. Waco, TX: The Tao Foundation, 1999, 205-11.

Slupski, Zbigniew. The Evolution of a Modern Chinese Writer: An Analysis of Lao She 's Fiction with Biographical and Bibliographical Appendices. Prague: Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 1966.

-----. "The Works of Lao She during the First Phase of His Career." In Jaroslav Prusek, ed. Studies in Modern Chinese Literature. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1964, 77-95.

Towery, Britt. Lao She: China's Master Storyteller. Waco, TX: The Tao Foundation, 1999.

The Tower-Lao She Collection (SMU, Dallas TX) [contains biography, list of Lao She's works, etc]

Ts'ao Yu. "In Memory of Lao Sheh." Chinese Literature 11 (1978): 65-79.

Veg, Sebastian. Fictions du pouvoir chinois: Littérature, modernisme et démocratie au début du XXe siècle. Paris: Editions EHESS, 2009. [see in particular chapters 1 and 2]

Vohra, Ranbir. Lao She and the Chinese Revolution. Cambridge: HUP, 1974.

Wang, David. "Lao She's Wartime Fiction." Modern Chinese Literature 5, 2 (1989): 197-218.

-----. "Radical Laughter in Lao She and His Taiwan Successors." In Goldblatt, ed. Worlds Apart: Recent Chinese Writing and its Audiences. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1990,44-63.

-----. Fictional Realism in Twentieth-Century China: Mao Dun, Lao She, Shen Congwen. NY: CUP, 1992.

-----. "Camel Xiangzi (Rickshaw) by Lao She." In Barbara Stoler Miller, ed., Masterworks of Asian Literature in Comparative Perspective: A Guide for Teaching. Armonk, NY: Sharpe, 1994, 321-30.

Wong, Yoon Wah. “A Chinese Writer’s Vision of Modern Singapore: A Study of Lao She’s Novel Little Po’s Birthday.” In Wong, Essays on Chinese Literature. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1988, 1-10.

-----. "Lao She’s Obsession with Joseph Conrad’s Stories of the Tropics." In Wong, Post-Colonial Chinese Literatures in Singapore and Malaysia. Singapore: Dept of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore, 2002, 127-40.

Xu, Jian. "Retrieving the Working Body in Modern Chinese Fiction: The Question of the Ethical in Representation." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 16, 1 (Spring 2004): 115-52. [deals with stories by Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Lao She, and Xiao Hong]

Yi-Tsang, Jung-Sun. L'Humour de Lao She. Paris: You-feng, 1998.

Ying, Ruocheng. "Lao She and His Teahouse." Westerly 26, 3 (Sept 1981): 89-93. Y

Zhao, Qiguang. "Who is Ruan Ming? A Political Mystery in Lao She's Camel Xiangxi." China Information 12, 3 (Winter 97-98): 104-22.


Lao Xiang
Hung, Chang-t'ai. "New Wine in Old Bottles." In Hung, War and Popular Culture: Resistance in Modern China, 1937-1945. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994, 187-220.

Li Ang
Chang, Bi-Yu. "Taiwan Identity Shift and the Struggle for Cultural Hegemony in the 1990s." In Chin-Chuan Cheng, I-Chun Wang, and Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek. Cultural Discourse in Taiwan. Kaohsiung: National Sun Yatsen U, 2009.

Chang, Hui-Ching. "Learning Speaking Skills from Our Ancient Philosophers: Transformation of Taiwanese Culture as Observed from Popular Books." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 11, 2 (2001): 109-33.

Chang, Jui-Shan. "Refashioning Womanhood in 1990s Taiwan: An Analysis of the Taiwanese Edition of 'Cosmopolitan' Magazine." Modern China 30, 3 (2004): 361-97.

-----. "Scripting Extramarital Affairs: Marital Mores, Gender Politics, and Infidelity in Taiwan." Modern China 25, 1 (1999): 69-99.

Chen, Ya-chen. "Qian niang de shou ru xiuting, bieren yenyu buke ting: Li Ang Shafu zhong de xing nuedai xing huanyu yu xing yayi" (I lead my darling girl by holding her hands into her chamber, pay no heed to what others say: sadomasochism, jouissance, sexual Oppression in Li Ang's The Butcher's Wife). (with an interview with Li Ang in Taiwan). Dangdai (Con-Temporary) 187 (March 2003).

Chen, Zhonming. "Theorising about New Modes of Representation and Ideology in the Postmodern Age: The Practice of Margaret Atwood, and Li Ang." Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 21, 3 (Sept. 1994).

Chiang, Shu-chen. Literary Feminism in Taiwan. Ph. D. diss. Rochester: U of Rochester, 1995.

Chien, Ying-ying. "From Utopian to Dystopian World: Two Faces of Feminism in Contemporary Taiwanese Women's Fiction." World Literature Today 68, 1 (Winter, 1994): 35-42.

-----. "Women Crossing the Wild Zone: Sexual/Textual Politics in the Fiction of Ding Ling and Li Ang." Fu Jen Studies 28 (1995): 1-17.

-----. "The Impact of American Feminism on Modern Taiwanese Fiction by Women." In Earl Miner, Toru Haga, Gerald Gillespie, Margaret Higonnet, and Sumie Jones, eds., Visions in History: Visions of the Other. Tokyo: International Comparative Literature Association, 1995, 631-36.

Chiu, Kuei-fen. "Identity Politics in Contemporary Women's Novels in Taiwan." In Peng-hsiang Chen and Whitney Crothers Dilley, eds., Feminism/Femininity in Chinese Literature. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2002, 67-86.

-----. "Taking Off: A Feminist Approach to Two Contemporary Women's Novels in Taiwan." Tamkang Review 23, 1-4 (1992): 709-33.

-----. "Women Writers and Taiwan Literary History."Chung-wai Literary Monthly 27, 9 (1999): 11-13.

Chung, Ling, Shu-ching Chu, and Michael Geary. "Feminism and Female Taiwan Writers." In Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang, eds., Chinese Literature in the Second Half of a Modern Century: A Critical Survey. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000, 146-60.

Dell, Sylvia. Chinesische Gegenwartsliterature asu taiwan: Die Autorin Li Agn: Erzahlprosa und Rezeption bis 1984. Bochum: Brockmeyer, 1988.

Fan, Ming-ju. "From Homogeneity to Heterogeneity: Women's Literature in Contemporary Taiwan." The Stockholm Journal of Asian Studies 10 (1999): 215-22.

-----. The Changing Concepts of Love: Fiction by Taiwan Women Writers. PhD Diss. Madison: U of Wisconsin-Madison, 1994.

Gates, Hill. "The Commoditization of Chinese Women." Signs 14.4 (Summer 1989): 799-832.

Goldblatt, Howard. "Sex and Society: The Fiction of Li Ang." In Howard Goldblatt, ed. Worlds Apart: Recent Chinese Writing and its Audiences. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 150-65.

Haddon, Rosemary. "From Pulp to Politics: Aspects of Topicality in Fiction by Li Ang " Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 13, 1 (Spring 2001): 36-72.

Hillenbrand, Margaret. "The National Allegory Revisited: Writing Private and Public in Contemporary Taiwan." positions: east asia cultures critique 14, 3 (2006): 633-62.

Liao, Chaoyang. "History, Exchange, and the Object Voice: Reading Li Ang's Recent Fiction." On-line works of Liao Chaoyang.

-----. "History, Exchange, and the Object Voice: Reading Li Ang’s The Strange Garden and All Sticks Are Welcome in the Censer of Beigang." in David Der-wei Wang and Carlos Rojas eds., Writing Taiwan: A New Literary History. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2006, 348-69.

Liao, Sebastion Hsien-hao. “Jekyll Is and Hyde Isn’t: Negotiating the Nationalization of Identity in The Mystery Garden and ‘Breakfast at Tiffany’s.’” Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 5, 1 (2001): 65-92.

Liou, Liang-Ya. "At the Intersection of the Global and the Local: Representations of Male Homosexuality in Fictions by Pai Hsien-yung, Li Ang, Chu Tien-wen and Chi Ta-wei." Postcolonial Studies 6, 2 (2003): 191-206.

Liu, Joyce C.H. "From Loo Port to Taipei: The World of Women in Lee Ang's Works." Fu Jen Studies: Literature and Linguistics 19 (1986): 65-88.

Martin, Helmut. "From Sexual Protest to Feminist Social Criticism: Li Ang's Works 1967-1987." in Wong Yoon Wah, ed., Chinese Literature in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Goethe-Institut, 1989, 127-51.

Ng, Sheung-Yuen Daisy. "Feminism in the Chinese Context: Li Ang's The Butcher's Wife." Modern Chinese Literature 4, 1/2 (1988): 177-200.

-----. "Li Ang's Experiments with the Epistolary Form." Modern Chinese Literature 3, 1/2 (1987): 91-106.

-----. "The Labyrinth of Meaning: A Reading of Li Ang's Fiction." Tamkang Review 18, 1-4 (1987-88): 97-123.

-----. "Of Sound and Fury: Li Ang." In Lily Xiao-hong Lee, ed., Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Twentieth Century Volume. Armonk, N.Y.: M E Sharpe, 2003, 295-97.

Sterk, Darryl. "The Spirit of Deer Town and the Redemption of Li Ang's Uncanny Literary Home." Chinese Literature Today 2, 1 (2011): 24-30.

Wu, Fatima. "City Women: Contemporary Taiwan Women Writers." World Literature Today 76, 2 (2002): 135.

-----. "Taipei People / Taipei jen." World Literature Today 75, 1 (2001): 102-03.

-----. "A Place of One's Own: Stories of Self in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore." World Literature Today 74, 3 (2000): 582.

Yeh, Michelle. "Shapes of Darkness: Symbols in Li Ang's Dark Night." In Michael S. Duke, ed., Modern Chinese Women Writers: Critical Appraisals. NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1989, 78-95.

Yue, Gang. "Embodied Spaces of Home: Xiao Hong, Wang Anyi, and Li Ang." In The Mouth that Begs: Hunger, Cannibalism, and the Politics of Eating in Modern China. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999, 293-330.

Zhu, Aijun. "Li Ang: Sexualizing National Politics." In Feminism and Global Chineseness: The Cultural Production of Controversial Women Authors. Youngstown, N.Y.: Cambria, 2007, 175-228.


Li Baifeng
Li, Pao-ching. "What Song Is This?" In Hualing Nieh, ed., Literature of the Hundred Flowers, Volume II: Poetry and Fiction. NY: Columbia UP, 1981, 172-78.


Li Bihua (Lilian Lee)
Chen, Ya-chen, ed. Ba wang bie ji: tongzhi yuedu yu kua wenhua duihua (Farewell My Concubine: Same-Sex Readings and Cross-Cultural Dialogues). Chia-i, Taiwan: Nanhua daxue, 2004. [Nan Hua University Press's Official Website of the Book]

Huss, Ann L. "Qingshe: A Story Retold." Chinese Culture 38, 1 (1997): 75-94. (modern retelling of the "Legend of the Green Snake")


Li Boyuan
Lancashire, Douglas. Li Po-yuan. Boston: Twayne, 1981.


Li Chuli
Galik, Marian. "Feng Nai-ch'ao, Li Ch'u-li and their Leftis Theory of Art and Literature." In Galik, The Genesis of Modern Chinese Liteary Criticism (1917-1930). London: Curzon Press, 1980, 308-20.


Li Cunbao
Li, Peter. "War and Modernity in Chinese Military Fiction." Society 34, 5 (July 1997): 77-89. [deals in part with Li Cunbao's Wreath at the Foot of the Mountain and Xu Huaizhong's Anecdotes on the Western Front]

Li Dazhao
Huang, Sung-k’ang. Li Ta-chao and the Impact of Marxism on Modern Chinese Thinking. The Hague: Mouton, 1965.

-----. “The Ultimate Realization of the Confucian Ideal: Universal Harmony as Seen by China’s Revolutionary Thinker Li Dazhao (1889-1927).” Ultimate Reality and Meaning 9, 3 (1986).

Liu, Guisheng. "A Critical Analysis of the Political Thought of Li Dazhao during the Period of the 1911 Revolution." Tr. Marilyn Levine. Chinese Studies in History (Summer 1989): 64-80.

Meisner, Maurice. Li Ta-chao and the Origins of Chinese Marxism. New York: Atheneum, 1970.

Pozzana, Claudia. "Spring, Temporality, and History in Li Dazhao." positions: east asia cultures critique 3, 2 (1995): 283-305.


Li Guowen
Chou, Li-po. "Veiled Enmity." In Hualing Nieh, ed., Literature of the Hundred Flowers, Volume II: Poetry and Fiction. NY: Columbia UP, 1981, 406-10.


Li Guoxiu (Lee Kuo-shiu)
Weinstein, John B. "Stay or Go: Li Guoxiu's Ambiguous Answer to the Taiwan Question." In Charles Laughlin, ed., Contested Modernity in Chinese Literature. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, 141-55.

Li Jian
Louie, Kam. "Literary Double-Think in Post-Mao China: The Case of Li Jian." In Louie, Between Fact and Fiction: Essays on Post-Mao Chinese Literature and Society. Sydney: Wild Peony, 1989, 21-37.


Li Jiantong
Holm, David. "The Strange Case of Liu Zhidan." In Jonathan Unger, ed. Using the Past to Serve the Present: Historiography and Politics in Contemporary China. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1993, 104-23.


Li Jianwu
Fu, Poshek. "Resistance: Li Jianwu and the Theater of Commitment." In Fu, Passivity, Resistance, and Collaboration: Intellectual Choices in Occupied Shanghai, 1937-1945. Stanford: SUP, 1993, 68-109.


Li Jeiren
Ng, Kenny K. K. Monumental Fictions: Geopoetic, Li Jierne, and Historical Imagination in Twentieth-Century China. Ph.d diss. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 2004.

-----. "Temporality and Polyphony in Li Jieren's The Great Wave." In Tao Dongfeng, Yang Xiaobin, Rosemary Roberts, and Yang Ling, eds. Chinese Revolution and Chinese Literature. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2009, 197-224.


Li Jinfa
Liu, David Jason. "Chinese 'Symbolist' Verse in the 1920's: Li Chin-fa and Mu Mu-t'ien." Tamkang Review. 12, 3 (1981): 27-53.

Mi, Jiayan. Self-Fashioning and Reflexive Modernity in Modern Chinese Poetry. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 2004.

[Abstract: This study explores diverse modes of self-fashioning in the discursive formation of Chinese modernity between 1919 and 1949 in modern Chinese poetry. By focusing on four representative poets of modern Chinese poetry before 1949—Guo Moruo, Li Jinfa, Dai Wangshu, and Mu Dan, the study offers fresh, insightful analysis of the dynamic trajectory of the historical complexity of fashioning a new modern self-subjectivity with relation to the nation-state. Theoretically informed by the varied perspectives of modernity, the self, the body, and memory, the author for the first time reveals how the corporeal body emerges as a site of agency, trauma, and libidinal investment for engaging with the configuration of a multi-layered self, gender, and nationhood in modern China. This work will make several significant contributions to enhancing readers’ understanding of the cultural and psychological complexity of modern China. This work will be of interest to teachers, students and scholars of modern Chinese literature and culture as well as comparative literature.]

Tu, Kuo-Ch'ing. "Symbolist Imagery in Li Jinfa's Weiyu." Journal of Oriental Studies 25, 2 (1987): 187-96.

-----. "The Introduction of French Symbolism into Modern Chinese Poetry." Tamkang Review 10, 3&4 (1980): 343-67.

-----. "Li Chin-fa and Kamara Ariake: The First Symbolist Poets in China and Japan." in Essays in Commemoration of the Golden Jubilee of the Fung Ping Shan Library. University of HK, 1982.


Li Li
Yeh, Michelle. "The Divided Self and the Search for Redemption: A Study of Li Li's Fiction." In Hsin-sheng C. Kao, ed., Nativism Overseas: Contemporary Chinese Women Writers. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993, 187-206.

Li Qiao
Hillenbrand, Margaret. "Trauma and the Politics of Identity: Form and Function in the Fictional Narratives of the February 28th Incident." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 17, 2 (Fall 2005): 49-89. [deals in part with "The Tale of Mt. Taimu"]

Li Rui
Coers, Donald. "An Interview with the Chinese Writer Li Rui." The Texas Review 11, 1/2 (Spring/Summer 190): 18-25.

Guptak, Suman. "Li Rui, Mo Yan, Yan Lianke, and Lin Bai: Four Contemporary Chinese Writers Interviewed." Wasafiri 23, 3 (2008): 28-36.  

Li Xintian
Dolezelova-Velingerova, Milena. "Li Xintian's Novel The Bright Red Star: The Making of a Revolutionary Hero." In Wolfgang Kubin and Rudolf Wagner, eds., Essays in Modern Chinese Literature and LIterary Criticism. Bochum: Brokmeyer, 1982, 150-67.


Li Yongping
Chang, Sung-sheng Yvonne. Modernism and the Nativist Resistance: Contemporary Chinese Fiction from Taiwan. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993.

Chen, Lingchei Letty. "Retribution: The Jiling Chronicles." MCLC Resource Center, 2006.

Chen, Yaling. "Occupying the Literary 'Heartland.'" Taiwan Panorama 23, 7 (1998): 100-07.

Chiu, Kuei-Fen. "Empire of the Chinese Sign: The Question of Chinese Diasporic Imagination in Transnational Literary Production." The Journal of Asian Studies 67, 2 (2008): 593-620. 

Groppe, Alison. Not Made in China: Inventing Local Identities in Contemporary Malaysian Chinese Fiction (Li Yongping, Huang Jinshu, Li Tianbao, Li Zishu, Singapore). Ph. D. diss. Cambridge: Harvard University, 2006.

Lau, Joseph, S.M. " The Tropics Mytho-poetized: The Extraterritorial Writing of Li Yung-p'ing in the Context of the Hsiang-t'u Movement." Tamkang Review 12, 1 (1981): 1-26.

Li Yongping. Contemporary Chinese Writers (Cambridge: MIT).

Liang, Min Min. "Interview with Li Yongping." Tr. by Min-min Liang. Contemporary Chinese Writers (Cambridge: MIT).

Ng, Kim-chew. "Minor Sinophone Literature: Diasporic Modernity's Incomplete Journey." In Jing Tsu and David Der-wei Wang, eds., Global Chinese Literature: Critical Essays. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2010.

Rojas, Carlos. "Of Motherlands and Maternities: Spectal Topographies in Li Yongping's Haidong Qing." In David Wang and Joyce Liu, eds., Writing Taiwan: Strategies of Representation. Durham: Duke UP, forthcoming.

-----. "Li Yongping." In Edward Davis, ed., Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture. London: Taylor and Francis, 2005, 460.

-----. "Paternities and Expatriotism: Li Yongping's Zhu Ling Manyou Xianjing and the Politics of Rupture." Tamkang Review 29, 2 (Winter 1998): 22-44.

-----. "Li Yongping and Spectral Cartography." In David Der-wei Wang and Carlos Rojas eds., Writing Taiwan: A New Literary History. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2006, 324-47. Rtp. in Rojas, The Naked Gaze: Reflections on Chinese Modernity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2008, 187-212.

Sun, Ziping. " An Interview with Li Yongping." Contemporary Chinese Writers (Cambridge, MIT).

Wang, David. "Imaginary Nostalgia: Shen Congwen, Song Zelai, Mo Yan, and Li Yongping." In Ellen Widmer and David Wang, eds., From May Fourth to June Fourth: Fiction and Film in Twentiety-Century China. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1993, 107-132.

Li Zehou
Cauvel, Jane. "The Transformative Power of Art: Li Zehou's Aesthetic Theory." Philosophy East and West 49, 2 (April 1999): 150-173.

Chan, Sylvia. "Li Zehou's Theory of Ethics: A Synthesis of Marxism and Confucianism?" New Zealand Journal of East Asian Studies 2, 1 (1994): 50-65.

Chong, Woei Lien. "Combining Kant with Marx: The Philosophical Anthropology of Li Zehou," Philosophy East and West (April 1999): 120–149.

-----. "History as the Realization of Beauty: Li Zehou’s Aesthetic Marxism." In Chong, Woei Lien, ed., “Li Zehou,” special theme issue of Contemporary Chinese Thought 31, 2 (Winter 1999/2000): 3–19.

-----. "Li Zehou." In W.M. Theodore de Bary and Richard Lufrano, eds, Sources of Chinese Tradition. 2nd ed. NY: Columbia UP, 2002, vol. 2, chapter 39, 579–581.

-----, ed. "Li Zehou." Special theme issue of Contemporary Chinese Thought 31, 2 (Winter 1999/2000).

-----. "Mankind and Nature in Chinese Thought: Li Zehou on the Traditional Roots of Maoist Voluntarism." China Information 9, 2/3 (Autumn/Winter 1996): 138–175.

-----. "Philosophy in An Age of Crisis. Three Thinkers in Post-Cultural Revolution China: Li Zehou, Liu Xiaobo and Liu Xiaofeng." In Woei Lien Chong ed., China’s Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: Master Narratives and Post-Mao Counternarratives. Boulder, CO: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002, 215-254.

Gu, Xin. "Hegelianism and Chinese Intellectual Discourse: A Study of Li Zehou." Journal of Contemporary China no. 8 (Winter/Spring 1995): 1–27.

-----. "Subjectivity, Modernity, and Chinese Hegelian Marxism: A Study of Li Zehou’s Philosophical Ideas from a Comparative Perspective." Philosophy East and West 46, 2 (April 1996): 205–45.

Lin, Min. "The Search for Modernity: Chinese Intellectual Discourse and Society, 1978-1988--The Case of Li Zehou." China Quarterly 4 (1992): 969-98.

Lin, Min and Maria Galikowski. "Li Zehou and His Enlightenment Philosophy." In Min Lin and Maria Galikowski, The Search for Modernity: Chinese Intellectuals and Cultural Discourse in the Post-Mao Era. NY: St. Martin's Press, 1999, 39-70.

Peterson, Kent M. "A Dialog with Li Zehou. The Sensate, the Individual, My Choice. A Translation of Contemporary Chinese Thinker Liu Xiaobo." Chinese Studies in Philosophy 25, 4 (Summer 1994): 4-73.

Pohl, Karl-Heinz. "Zu Beiträgen Li Zehous in der Debatte um Tradition und Identität in den 80er Jahren in der Volksrepublik China." (On Li Zehou’s contributions to the 1980s debate on tradition and identity in the People’s Republic of China). Pp. 41–56 in Sinologische Traditionen im Spiegel neuer Forschung (Sinological traditions in the light of new research), edited by Ralf Moritz. Leipzig: Universitätsverlag, 1993.

Li Zhun
Chen, Tan-cen. "Li Chun's Short Stories." Chinese Literature 10 (Oct. 1964): 90-96.

Li Ziyun
Zhong, Xueping. "Shanghai Literature and Beyond: An Interview with Li Ziyun." Modern Chinese Literature 9, 1 (Spring 1995): 101-12.

Liang Bin
Chen, Xiaoming. "Personal Recollection and the Historicization of Literature: Keep the Red Flag Flying as a Case Study of the Complexity of Revolutionary Literature." In Tao Dongfeng, Yang Xiaobin, Rosemary Roberts, and Yang Ling, eds. Chinese Revolution and Chinese Literature. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2009, 225-44.

Liang Bingguan (Leung Ping-kwan, see also Ye Si)
Abbas, Ackbar. "Introduction." City at the End of Time. Trs. Gordon T. Osing and Leung Ping-kwan. HK: Twilight Books, 1992.

Chow, Rey. "Things, Common/Places, Passages of the Port City: On Hong Kong and Hong Kong author Leung Ping-kwan." differences 5 (fall 1993): 179-204.

-----. "Consumption and Eccentric Writing: Notes on Two Hong Kong Authors." Communal/Portal 7, 1 (1999): 45-58.

-----. "Thinking with Food, Writing Off Center: Notes on Two Hong Kong Authors." In Jing Tsu and David Der-wei Wang, eds., Global Chinese Literature: Critical Essays. Leiden: Brill, 2010, 133-55.

"Interview with Leung Ping-kwan." In "Tasting Asia: Twelve Poems" [Chinese original and English Tr.] Tr. by the author. Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 17, 1 (Spring 2005): 8-31. [clicking the link will download a pdf file of the translations and interview]

Liang Hanyi
Sieber, Patricia. "Liang Hanyi" In Sieber, ed. Red Is Not the Only Color: Contemporary Chinese Fiction on Love and Sex between Women, Collected Stories. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001, 190-91.

Liang Qichao
Bai, Limin. "Children and the Survival of China: Liang Qichao on Education Before the 1898 Reform." Late Imperial China 22, 2 (2001) 124-155.

Bing, Sang. "Japan and Liang Qichao's Research in the Field of National Learning." Sino-Japanese Studies 12, 1 (Nov. 1999): 5-24.

Chang, Hao. Liang Chi-chao and Intellectual Transition in China, 1890-1907. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971.

Chen, Jianhua. "The Late Qing Poetry Revolution: Liang Qichao, Huang Zunxian, and Chinese Literary Modernity." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 333-40.

Davies, Gloria. "Liang Qichao in Australia: A Sojourn of No Significance? East Asian History 21 (June 2001): 65-110.

Des Forges, Alexander. "The Uses of Fiction: Liang Qichao and His Contemporaries." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 341-47.

Fogel, Joshua A., ed. The Role of Japan in Liang Qichao's Introduction of Modern Western Civilization to China. Berkeley: University of California, Institute of East Asian Studies, Center for Chinese Studies, 2004.

Galik, Marian. "Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and Wang Kuo-wei: The First Impact of Modern Foreign Ideas on Chinese Literary World." In Galik, ed., Milestones in Sino-Western Literary Confrontation (1898-1979). Weisbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1986, 7-18.

Huang, K'o-wu. "Liang Qichao and Immanuel Kant." Trs. Minghui Hu and Joshua Fogel. In Joshua Fogel, ed., The Role of Japan in Liang Qichao's Introduction of Modern Western Civilization to China. Berkeley: China Research Monograph, University of California, 2004.

Huang, Philip C.Liang Chi-chao and Modern Chinese Liberalism. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1972.

-----. "Liang Ch'i-ch'ao: The Idea of the New Citizen and the Influence of Meiji Japan." In David Buxbaum and F. Mote eds., Transition and Permanence: Chinese History and Culture. HK: Cathay, 1972, 71-102.

Larson, Jane Leung. "Articulating China's First Mass Movement: Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, the Baohuanghui, and the 1905 Anti-American Boycott." Twentieth-Century China 33, 1 (Nov. 2007).

Lee, Mabel. "Liang Ch'i-Ch'ao (1873-1929) and the Literary Revolution of Late Ch'ing." In A.R. Davis, ed., Search for identity: modern literature and the creative arts in Asia: papers presented to the 28 International Congress of Orientalists. Sydney: Angus, 1975, 203-224.

Lee, Theresa Man Ling. "Liang Qichao and the Meaning of Citizenship: Then and Now." History of Political Thought 28, 2 (2007): 305-27.

Levenson, Joseph. Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and the Mind of Modern China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1953.

Martin, Helmut. "A Transitional Concept of Chinese Literature 1897-1917: Liang Qichao on Poetry Reform, Historical Drama and the Political Novel." Oriens Extremus 20, 2 (1973): 175-217.

Tang, Xiaobing. Global Space and the Nationalist Discourse of Modernity: The Historical Thinking of Liang Qichao. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1996.

Vittinghoff, Natascha. “Unity vs. Uniformity: Liang Qichao and the Invention of a "New Journalism" for China.” Late Imperial China 23, 1 (2002): 91-143.

Wong, Lawrence Wang-chi. "'The Sole Purpose is to Express My Political Views': Liang Qichao and the Translation and Writing of Political Novels in the Late Qing." In David Pollard, ed., Translation and Creation: Readings of Western Literature in Early Modern China. Amsterdan, Philadelphia: J. Benjamins, 1998, 105-26.

Zarrow, Peter. "Liang Qichao and the Notion of Civil Society in Republican China." In Joshua Fogel and Peter G. Zarrow, eds., Imagining the People: Chinese Intellectuals and the Concept of Citizenship, 1890-1920. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1997, 232-57.


Liang Shiqiu
Bai, Liping. "Babbitt's Impact in China: The Case of Liang Shiqiu." Humanitas 17, 1/2 (2004): 46-68.

Galik, Marian. "Liang Shih-ch'iu and Chinese New Humanism." In Galik, The Genesis of Modern Chinese Literary Criticism, 1917-1930. London: Curzon Press, 1980, 285-307.

Leung, Gaylork K.L. "The Eye of a Storm: The Familiar Essays by Liang Shih-Ch'iu D uring the Anti-Japanese War Period." In La litterature chinoise au temps de la Guerre de resistance contre le Japon, pp. 67-82. Paris: Fondation Singer-Polignac, 1982.

Liang, Kan. "Hu Shi and Liang Shiqiu: Liberalism and Others." Chinese Studies in History 39, 1 (Fall 2005): 3-24.

Trail, Ann Corley. "Liang Shih-ch'iu's Ma Ke-pai [Macbeth] and Li-er Wang [King Lear]: The Role of the Intended Audience in Translation." Tamkang Review 11, 1 (Fall 1980): 65-77.


Liang Shuming
Alitto, Guy. The Last Confucian: Liang Shu-ming and the Chinese Dilemma of Modernity. 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.

An, Yanming. "Liang Shuming and Henri Bergson on Intuition: Cultural Context and the Evolution of Terms." Philosophy East and West 47, 3 (1997): 337-62.

Chi, Wen-shun. "Liang Shu-ming and Chinese Communism." The China Quarterly 41 (1970): 64-82.

Ip, Hung-Yok. "Liang Shuming and the Idea of Democracy in Modern China." Modern China 17 (Oct. 1991): 469-508.

Meynard, Thierry. The Religious Philosophy of Liang Shuming: The Hidden Buddhist. Leiden: Brill, 2011.

Wesolowski, Zbigniew. "Understanding the Foreign (the West) as a Remedy for Regaining One's Own Cultural Identity (China): Liang Shuming's (1893-1988) Cultural Thought." Monumenta Serica 53 (2005): 361-99.


Liang Xiaosheng
Lin, Min and Maria Galikowski. "Liang Xiaosheng's Moral Critique of China's Modernization Process." In Min Lin and Maria Galikowski, The Search for Modernity: Chinese Intellectuals and Cultural Discourse in the Post-Mao Era. NY: St. Martin's Press, 1999, 123-42.

Qin, Liyan. "The Sublime and the Profane: A Comparative Analysis of Two Fictional Narratives about Sent-down Youth." In Joseph Esherick, Paul Pickowicz, Andrew Walder, eds., The Chinese Cultural Revolution as History. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006, 240-66. [compares Liang Xiaosheng's Snowstorm Tonight and Wang Xiaobo's The Golden Age]

Yang, Suying. "Gender Construction in the Novels of Zhang Kangkang and Liang Xiaosheng." In Kwok-kan Tam and Terry Siu-han Yip, eds., Gender, Discourse and the Self in Literature: Issues in Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong: HK: The Chinese University Press, 2009, 109-24.


Liao Yiwu
Day, Michael. "Introduction to Liao Yiwu." Digital Archive for Chinese Studies (DACHS). Leiden University.


Lin Bai
Guptak, Suman. "Li Rui, Mo Yan, Yan Lianke, and Lin Bai: Four Contemporary Chinese Writers Interviewed." Wasafiri 23, 3 (2008): 28-36. 

Sang, Tze-lan. "At the Juncture of Censure and Mass Voyeurism: Narratives of Female Homoerotic Desire in Post-Mao China." GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 8, 4 (2002) 523-552. [deals largely with Self at War]

Wang, Lingzhen. "Reproducing the Self: Consumption, Imaginary, and Identity in Chinese Women's Autobiographical Practice in the 1990ss." In Charles Laughlin, ed., Contested Modernity in Chinese Literature. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, 173-92. [deals primarily with Chen Ran's Private Life and Lin Bai's Self at War]

Lin Huaimin
Liu, Joyce C. "Re-staging Cultural Memories in Contemporary Theatre in Taiwan: Wang Qimei, Stanley Lai, and Lin Huaimin." In Steven Totosy de Zepetnek and Jennifer W. Jay, eds., East Asian Cultural and Historical Perspectives: Histories and Society, Culture and Literatures. Edmonton: Research Institute for Comparative Literature and Cross-Cultural Studies, University of Alberta, 1997, 267-78.

Lin Huiyin
Shih, Shu-mei. "Gendered Negotiations with the Local: Lin Huiyin and Ling Shuhua." In Shi, The Lure of the Modern: Writing Modernism in Semicolonial China, 1917-1937. Berkeley: UC Press, 2001, 204-30.

Lin Shu
Cheng, Chen-to. "The Translator Who Knew No English--Lin Shu." Renditions 5 (Autumn 1975): 26-31.

Cheung, Martha. "The Discourse of Occidentalism? Wei Yi and Lin Shu's Treatment of Religious Material in Their Translation of Uncle Tom's Cabin." In David Pollard, ed., Translation and Creation: Readings of Western Literature in Early Modern China. Amsterdan, Philadelphia: J. Benjamins, 1998, 127-50.

Gao, Wanlong. Recasting Lin Shu: A Cultural Approach to Literary Translation. Ph. D. diss. Griffith University, 2003.

Hanan, Patrick. "A Study in Acculturation--The First Novels Translated into Chinese." Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles and Reviews 23 (2002): 55-80.

Hill, Michael Gibbs. "National Classicism: Lin Shu as Textbook Writer and Anthologist, 1908-1924." Twentieth-Century China 31, 1 (Nov. 2007).

Hu, Ying. "The Translator Transfigured: Lin Shu and the Cultural Logic of Writing in the Late Qing." positions 3, 1 (Spring 1995).

Huang, Alexander C. Y. "Lin Shu, Invisible Translation and Politics." Perspectives 14, 1 (June 2006): 55-65.

[Abstract: Why do translations frequently operate as allegorical extensions of what the original literally says? When the translator or re-writer, as the case may be, is only proficient in his native language yet purports to “translate” foreign materials, the roots of allegorical or emblematic readings become a different problem. As the interlocutors of the dead, these “translators” manipulate the invisible text with their collaborators and their imagination. Two cases in point are the late Qing advocates of Western cultural values represented by Shakespeare, and the popular 1904 rendition of Charles and Mary Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare (1807) by the prolific Chinesec translator and rewriter Lin Shu. This article argues that in their translations of the invisible foreign texts either through mediation or through ideological reframing, the "West" and "China" functioned as two discursive modes through which two sets of values are articulated]

Lee, Leo Ou-fan. The Romantic Generation of Modern Chinese Writers. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1973. (Contains a chapter on Lin.)

Schonebaum, Andrew. "Vectors of Contagion and Tuberculosis in Modern Chinese Literature." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 23, 1 (Spring 2011): 17-46.

Xue Suizhi and Zhang Juncai, eds. Lin Shu yanjiu ziliao (Research materials on Lin Shu). Fuzhou: Fujian renmin, 1982.


Lin Yutang
Anderson, A. J., ed. Lin Yutang: The Best of an Old Friend. New York: Mason/Charter 1976.

Brandauer, Frederick. "Lin Yutang's Widow and the Problem of Adaptation." Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 20, 2 (1985): 1-14.

Chan, Wing-Tsit. "Lin Yutang, Critic and Interpreter." College English 8, 4 (Jan., 1947): 163-169.

Fu, Yi-chin. "Lin Yutang: A Bundle of Contrasts." Fu Jen Studies 21 (1988): 29-44.

Laughlin, Charles. The Literature of Leisure and Chinese Modernity. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2008.

Lin, Tai-yi. Lin Yutang zhuan (Biography of Lin Yutang). Beijing: Zhongguo xiqu, 1993.

Lin Yutang Memorial Library (Taipei, Taiwan) [includes an extensive chronology of his life, with pictures, as well as bibliographies of his works]

Qian, Jun (Suoqiao). Lin Yutang: Negotiating Modernity Between East and West. Ph.D. diss. Berkeley: University of California, 1996.

-----."Lin Yutang's Masterpiece." Center for Cross-Cultural Studies Newsletter 4.

-----. Oriental Modern: Lin Yutang Translating China and America. NY: Routledge, 1999.

Shen, Shuang. Cosmopolitan Publics: Anglophone Print Culture in Semi-Colonial Shanghai. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers Univesity Press, 2009.

[Abstract: Early twentieth-century China paired the local community to the world--a place and time when English dominated urban-centered higher and secondary education and Chinese-edited English-language magazines surfaced as a new form of translingual practice. Cosmopolitan Publics focuses on China's "cosmopolitans"--Western-educated intellectuals who returned to Shanghai in the late 1920s to publish in English and who, ultimately, became both cultural translators and citizens of the wider world. Shuang Shen highlights their work in publications such as The China Critic and T'ien Hsia, providing readers with a broader understanding of the role and function of cultural mixing, translation, and multilingualism in China's cultural modernity. Decades later, as nationalist biases and political restrictions emerged within China, the influence of the cosmopolitans was neglected and the significance of cosmopolitan practice was underplayed. Shen's encompassing study revisits and presents the experience of Chinese modernity as far more heterogeneous, emergent, and transnational than it has been characterized until now.]

Sohigian, Diran. The Life and Times of Lin Yutang. Ph.D. diss. NY: Columbia University, 1991.

-----. "Contagion of Laughter: The Rise of the Humor Phenomenon in Shanghai in the 1930s." positions: east asia cultures critique 15, 1 (Spring 2007): 137-63. [Project Muse link]

-----. "Confucius and the Lady in Question: Power Politics, Cultural Production and the Performance of Confucius Saw Nanzi in China in 1929." Twentieth-Century China 36, 1 (Jan. 2011): 23-43.

Song, Weijie. "Ancient Capital, Vermillion Gate, and Complex Confusions: Imaging Xi'an City in Lin Yutang's The Vermillion Gate" (Gudu, Zhumen, fenfan de kunhuo: Lin Yutang Zhumen de Xi'an xiangxiang). Guoji hanxue jikan 2 (2008): 1-13. Reprinted in Xi'an City: Urban Imagination and Historical Memory. Ed. Chen Pingyuan, David Der-wei Wang, and Chen Xuechao. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2009, 266-277.

G8INA's Dr Lin Yutang Webpage


Ling Shuhua
Chow, Rey. "Virtuous Transactions: A Reading of Three Stories by Ling Shuhua" Modern Chinese Literature 4 (1988).

Cuadrado, Clara. "Portraits of a Lady: The Fictional World of Ling Shuhua." In A. Palandri, ed. Women Writers of 20-Century China. Eugene: Asian Studies Publications, University of Oregon, 1982, 41-62.

Dooling, Amy. "Ling Shuhua." In Dictionary of Literary Biography--Chinese Fiction Writers, 1900-1949. Ed. Thomas Moran. NY: Thomson Gale, 2007, 95-103.

Holoch, Donald. "Everyday Feudalism: The Subversive Stories of Ling Shuhua." In Anna Gerstlacher et al. eds, Women and Literature in China. Bochum: Studienverlag Brockmeyeer, 1985, 379-93,

Hong, Jeesoon. Gendered Modernism of Republican China: Lu Yin, Ling Shuhua, and Zhang Ailing, 1920-1949. Ph. D. diss. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 2003.

Lang-Tan, Goat Koei. "Women in Love: Two Short Stories of Ling Shuhua (1900-1990) compared to Katherine Mansfield's (1888-1923) 'Psychology' (1921)." In Gálik, Márian, ed., Chinese Literature And European Context. Bratislava: Rowaco ltd. & Institute of Asian and African Studies of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 1994, 31-142.

-----. "The European Literature of The Décadence and The so-called Modernist Chinese Short Stories from the Twenties and Thirties: Interliterary and Intraliterary Studies of Arthur Schnitzler (1862-1931), Shi Zhechun (1905- ) and Ling Shuhua (1900-1990)." In Gálik, Marián, ed., Interliterary and Intraliterary Aspects of The May Fourth Movement 1919 in China. Proceeding of the International Sinological Symposium, Smolenice Castle, March 13-17. Bratislava: Veda Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Science, 1989,139-154.

Laurence, Patrica. "The China Letters: Vanessa Bell, Julian Bell and Ling Shuhua." South Carolina Review (Spring 1997): 122-131.

-----. Lily Briscoe's Chinese Eyes Bloomsbury, Modernism, and China. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2003.

[Abstract: Lily Briscoe's Chinese Eyes traces the romance of Julian Bell, nephew of Virginia Woolf, and Ling Shuhua, a writer and painter Bell met while teaching at Wuhan University in China in 1935. Relying on a wide selection of previously unpublished writings, Patricia Laurence places Ling, often referred to as the Chinese Katherine Mansfield, squarely in the Bloomsbury constellation. In doing so, she counters East-West polarities and suggests forms of understanding to inaugurate a new kind of cultural criticism and literary description.]

Lieberman, Sally Taylor. The Mother and Narative Politics in Modern China. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1998, 141-45.

McDougall, Bonnie. "Dominance and Disappearance in May Fourth: A Post-Feminist Review of Fiction by Mao Dun and Ling Shuhua." In Raoul Findeisen and Robert Gassmann, eds., Autumn Floods: Essays in Honour of Marian Galik. Bern: Peter Lang, 1997, 283-306.

-----. “Disappearing Women and Disappearing Men in May Fourth Narrative: A Post-Feminist Survey of Short Stories by Mao Dun, Bing Xin, Ling Shuhua and Shen Congwen.” In McDougall, Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the Twentieth Century. HK: Chinese University Press, 2003, 133-70.

Ng, Janet. "Writing in Her Father's World: The Feminine Autobiographical Strategies of Ling Shuhua." Prose Studies 16, 3 (1993): 235-50.

Shih, Shu-mei. "Gendered Negotiations with the Local: Lin Huiyin and Ling Shuhua." In Shi, The Lure of the Modern: Writing Modernism in Semicolonial China, 1917-1937. Berkeley: UC Press, 2001, 204-30.

Yu, Clara. "Portrait by a Lady: The Fictional World of Ling Shuhua." In Angela Jung Pallandri, ed., Women Writers of 20th-Century China. Eugene: University of Oregon Press, 1982, 41-62.


Liu Baiyu (Pai-yu)
Chen, Tan-chen. "Liu Pai-yu's Writings." Chinese Literature 3 (1963): 88-94.

Laughlin, Charles. "Incongruous Lyricism: Liu Baiyu, Yang Shuo and sanwen in Chinese Socialist Culture." In Martin Woesler, ed., The Modern Chinese Literary Essay: Defining the Chinese Self in the 20th Century. Bochum: Bochum UP, 2000, 115-29.

Liu Bannong (Liu Fu)
Hockx, Michel. "Liu Bannong and the Forms of New Poetry." Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 3, 2 (Jan. 2000): 83-117.

Liu Binyan
Chou Yu-sun. "Liu Pin-yen and Wang Jo-wang." Issues and Studies 23, 5 (May 1987): 48-62.

Beja, Jean-Philippe. "Dissidence ou loyaute? Tradition et modernite dans le comportement politique de Liu Binyan." In La LittÈrature chinoise contemporaine, tradition et modernitÈ: colloque d'Aix-en-Provence, le 8 juin 1988. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l'UniversitÈ de Provence, 1989, 7-10.

-----, ed. Liu Binyan: Le cauchemar des mandarins rouges. Paris: Gallimard, 1989.

Blank, Carolin and Christa Gescher. Gesellschaftskritik in der Volksrepublik China: Der Journalist und Schriftsteller Liu Binyan. Bochum: Brockmeyer, 1990.

Dolezalova, Anna. "Liu Binyan's Comeback to the Contemporary Chinese Literary Scene." Asian and African Studies 20 (1984): 81-100.

Li, Hsi-fan. "An Adverse Trend in Creative Activity Sparked by 'The Inside News at the Newspaper.'" In Hualing Nieh, ed., Literature of the Hundred Flowers, Volume II: Poetry and Fiction. NY: Columbia UP, 1981, 465-68.

Teng, Jenny Tu-li. "Liu Pin-yen: The Politics of Reportage Literature in Mainland China." Issues and Studies 22, 9 (1986): 28-49.

Wagner, Rudolf G. "Liu Binyan oder Der Autor als Wandelnde Nische" (Liu Binyan or: The Author as a Walking Niche). In W. Kubin (ed.), Moderne Chinesische Literatur. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, l985, 430-446.

-----. "Liu Binyan and the Texie." Modern Chinese Literature 2, 1 (Spring1986): 65-98.

-----. Inside the Service Trade: Studies in Contemporary Chinese Prose. Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1992, 193-226. [deals with "At the Building Site of the Bridges and "Inside News of Our Paper"]

Wen-I Pao editorial group. "Liu Pin-yen's Hostility toward Socialism and the Party." In Hualing Nieh, ed., Literature of the Hundred Flowers, Volume II: Poetry and Fiction. NY: Columbia UP, 1981, 469-72.

Yeh, Chih-ying and Chou Yusun. "The Locus of Social Change in Mainland China as Reflected in the Reportage of Liu Pinyen." Issues and Studies 25, 8 (1989): 118-37; also In Bih-jaw Lin, ed. Post-Mao Sociopolitical Changes in Mainland China: The Literary Perspective. Taibei: Institute of International Relations, National Chengchi University, 1991, 71-88.

Liu Daren
Field, Stephen. "Injustice and Insanity in Liu Ta-jen's The Cuckoo Cries Tears of Blood." Tamkang Review 21, 3 (1991): 225-37.

Larson, Wendy. "Writing and the Writer: The Works of Liu Daren." Proceedings of the 1986 Summer Workshop for Gifted Teachers of Chinese and Russian. Eugene: University of Oregon, 1987, 59-64.


Liu E
Dolezelova-Velingerova, Milena, ed. The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980, 38-75.

Dolezelova-Velingerova, Milena and Tao Tao Liu Sanders. "Liu E, Lao Can youji." In Dolezelova-Velingerova ed., Selective Guide to Chinese Literature 1900-1949: Volume 1, The Novel. Leiden: Brill, 1988, 122-23.

Fang, Chao-ying. "Liu E." In Arthur Hummel, ed., Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912). Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1943, 516-18.

Holoch, Donald. "The Travels of Laocan: Allegorical Narrative." In M. Dolezelova-Velingerova, ed., The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century. Toronto: UTP, 1980, 129-49.

Hsia, C.T. "The Travels of Lao Ts'an: An Exploration of Its Art and Meaning." Tsinghua Journal of Chinese Studies 7, 2 (1969): 40-65.

-----. "Liu E's The Travels of Lao Can." In Barbara Stoler Miller, ed., Masterworks of Asian Literature in Comparative Perspective: A Guide for Teaching. Armonk, NY: Sharpe, 1994, 299-308.

Kuhner, Hans. "Tears of Strength of Tears of Weakness: Lao Can youji and the Aporias of Political and Moral Commitment in Late Imperial China." In Wolfgang Kubin, ed., Symbols of Anguish: In Search of Melancholy in China. Bern: Peter Lang, 2001, 263-88.

Kwong, Luke S. K. "Self and Society in Modern China: Liu E (1857-1909) and Laocan youji." T'oung Pao LXXXVII, 4-5 (2001): 360-92.

Lin, Shuen-fu. "The Last Classic Chinese Novel: Vision and Design in The Travels of Lao Can." Journal of the American Oriental Society 121, 4 (Oct/Dec 2001): 549- 64.

Lu, Xun. A Brief History of Chinese Fiction. Beijing: Foreing Langauges Press, 1959, 361-63.

Lupke, Christopher. "Liu E." In Dictionary of Literary Biography--Chinese Fiction Writers, 1900-1949. Ed. Thomas Moran. NY: Thomson Gale, 2007, 104-15.

Ma, Youyuan. "Liu E." In William Nienhauser ed., The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1984, 380-83.

Sargent, Stuart. "Lao-Ts'an and Fictive Thinking." Journal of Chinese Language Teachers Association 12, 3 (1977): 215-220.

Wang, David Der-Wei. Fin de Siecle Splendor: Repressed Modernities of Late Qing Fiction, 1849-1911. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997, 34-39; 145-55; 174-82.

-----. "Crime or Punishment? On the Forensic Discourse of Modern Chinese Literature." In Wen-hsin Yeh ed., Beoming Chinese: Passages to Modernity and Beyond. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000, 260-97.

Wang Xuejun. Liu E yu Lao Can youji (Liu E and Travels of Lao Can). Shenyang: Liaoning jiaoyu, 1992.

Wei Shaochang, ed. Lao Can youji ziliao (Materials on the Travels of Lao Can). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1962.

Wong, Timothy. "The Name of 'Lao Ts'an' in Liu E's Fiction." Journal of the American Oriental Society 109, 1 (Jan-March 1989): 103-06.

-----. "Liu E in the Fang-shih Tradition." Journal of the American Oriental Society 112, 2 (1992): 302-06.

-----. "Notes on the Textual History of the Lao Ts'an Yu-Chi." T'oung Pao 69, 1-3 (1983): 23-32.

-----. "The Facts of Fiction: Liu E's Commentary to the Travels of Lao Can." In Marie Chan et al. eds, Excursions in Chinese Culture: Festscrift in Honor of William R. Schultz. HK: Chinese University of HK, 2002, 159-72.


Liu Heng
Huot, Marie-Claire. "Liu Heng's Fuxi Fuxi: What About Nuwa?" In Lu Tonglin, ed. Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Chinese Literature and Society. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993, 85-106.

Linder, Birgit. "Alienation and the Motif of the Unlived Life in Liu Heng's Fiction." Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 2, 2 (January. 1999): 119-48.

Visser, Robin. "Privacy and its Ill Effects in Post-Mao Urban Fiction." In Bonnie S. McDougall and Anders Hansson, eds. Chinese Concepts of Privacy. Leiden: Brill, 2002,171-194. [deals with texts by Chen Ran and Liu Heng, with bits on Sun Ganlu, Qiu Huadong, and Zhu Wen]

Liu Hongbin
Clark, Candida. "The Republic of Poetry: Liu Hongbin." openDemocracy (March 4, 2004).

Hawkes, David. "An Iron Circle: The Poetry of Liu Hongbin." MCLC Resource Center Publication, June 2007.

Leftwich, Charles. "Words--The Liberating Prison." Human Rights in China [downloadable pdf version]

Porter, Peter. "Introduction: A Day Within Days, by Liu Hongbin. MCLC Resource Center Publication, June 2007.


Liu Kexiang
Kaldis, Nick. "Birdwatching with Liu Kexiang." CypherJournal [a brief essay on Liu, as well as translations of Liu's poems "Choice," Formosa," "Guandu Life," and "Black-faced Spoonbill"]

-----. "Steward of the Ineffable: 'Anxiety-Reflex' in/as the Nature Writing of Liu Kexiang (Or: Nature Writing against Academic Colonization)." In Christopher Lupke ed., New Perspectives on Contemporary Chinese Poetry. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, 85-103.

Liu Na'ou
Braester, Yomi. "Shanghai's Economy of Spectacle: The Shanghai Race Club in Liu Na'ou's and Mu Shiying's Stories." Modern Chinese Literature 9, 1 (1995): 39-58.

Lee, Leo Ou-fan. "Face, Body, and the City: The Fiction of Liu Na'ou and Mu Shiying." In Lee, Shanghai Modern: The Flowering of a New Urban Culture in China, 1930-1945. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1999, 190-231.

Liu, Jianmei. "Shanghai Variations on 'Revolution Plus Love.'" Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 14, 1 (Spring 2002): 51-92. [deals with texts by Shi Zhecun, Liu Na'ou, Mu Shiying, Zhang Ziping, and Ye Lingfeng]

Mak, Anthony Wan-hoi. The School of New Sensibilities in the 1930s: A Study of Liu Na'ou and Mu Shiying's Fiction. Ph.D. diss. University of Toronto, 1995.

Peng, Hsiao-yen. "Colonialism and the Predicament of Identity: Liu Na'ou and Yang Kui as Men of the World." In Ping-hui Liao and David Der-wei Wang, eds., Taiwan Under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1885-1945: History, Culture, Memory. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006, 210-47.

-----. "A Dandy, Traveler, and Woman Watcher: Liu Na’ou from Taiwan." In Peng, Dandyism and Transcultural Modernity: The Dandy, the Flaneur, and the Translator in 1930s Shanghai, Tokyo, and Paris. NY: Routledge, 2010.

Shih, Shu-mei. "Gender, Race, and Semicolonialism: Liu Na'ou's Urban Shanghai Landscape." Journal of Asian Studies 35, 4 (1996): 934-56. Rpt in Shi, The Lure of the Modern: Writing Modernism in Semicolonial China, 1917-1937. Berkeley: UC Press, 2001, 276-301.

Liu Ping
Kinkley, Jeffrey C. "Dirt Plus Soap Equals Pay Dirt: Liu Ping's Dossier on Smuggling." In Kinkley, Corruption and Realism in Late Socialist China. Palo Alto: Stanford UP, 2007, 125-143. [Publisher's blurb]

Liu Qingbang
Qin, Ling. "Liu Qingbang and His Creative Short Stories." Chinese Literature (Spring 1999): 25-29.

Liu Shahe
Sha, Ou. "A Critique of 'A Family of Plants.'" In Hualing Nieh, ed., Literature of the Hundred Flowers, Volume II: Poetry and Fiction. NY: Columbia UP, 1981, 105-114.

Liu Shaotang
Chou, Ho. "Against a Nihilistic View of Socialist Literature: An Exchange of Views with Comrade Liu Shao-t'ang." Nieh, Hualing, ed. Literature of the Hundred Flowers: Criticism and Polemics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981, 161-169.

Sun, Li. "Liu Shaotang and his Writings." Chinese Literature 5 (1982): 89-91.


Liu Shipei
Kwok, D.W.Y. "Anarchism and Traditionalims: Liu Shih-p'ei." Journal of the Institute of Chinese Studies 4, 2 (1971): 523-37.

Scheider, Lawrence. "National Essence and the New Intelligentsia." In C. Furth ed., The Limits of Change. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1976, 57-89.

Wang, Xiaoling. “Liu Shipei et son concept de contrat social chinois.” Etudes Chinoises 17, 1/2 (Spring/Fall 1998): 155-190.


Liu Suola
Olesen, Alexa. "Liu Sola, Making Worlds Collide." Virtual China (electronic site, no longer extant).

-----. "Liu Sola Lifts Heavy Souls with Two New CDs." Virtual China (electronic site, no longer extant).

Pan, Keyin. "Red China Blues Woman." Beijing Scene 5, 2 (1999).

Zhang, Zhen. "The World Map of Haunting Dreams: Reading Post-1989 Chinese Women's Diaspora Writings." In Mayfair Mei Hui Yang, ed. Spaces of Their Own: Women's Public Sphere in Transnational China. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999, 308-35. [deals with disporic writings of Liu Suola, Zha Jianying, Hong Ying, and You You]

Liu Xiaobo
Barme, Geremie [Bai Jieming]. "Zhongguo ren de jiefang zai ziwo juexing: yu gexing pai pinglun jia Liu Xiaobo yi xitan" (The liberation of the Chinese people lies in self-awakening: a conversation with the individualist critic Liu Xiaobo). Jiushi niandai 3 (1987): 61-65.

-----. "Confession, Redemption, and Death: Liu Xiaobo and the Protest Movement of 1989." In George Hicks, ed., The Broken Mirror: China After Tiananmen. Essex: Longman, 1990.

Chong, Woei Lien. "Philosophy in An Age of Crisis. Three Thinkers in Post-Cultural Revolution China: Li Zehou, Liu Xiaobo and Liu Xiaofeng." In Woei Lien Chong ed., China’s Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: Master Narratives and Post-Mao Counternarratives. Boulder, CO: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002, 215-254.

-----. "The Tragic Duality of Man: Liu Xiaobo on Western Philosophy from Kant to Sartre." In A. J. Saich and K. W. Radtke, eds., China’s Modernisation: Westernisation and Acculturation. Stuttgart: Steiner Verlag, Münchener Ost-Asiatische Studien, 1993, 67, 111–163. [available as a pdf download with permission of the author, the editors, and Steiner Verlag]

Gu, Xin. "The Irrationalistic View of Aesthetic Freedom and the Philosophical Sources of Social Discontent of Liu Xiaobo." Issues and Studies 31, 1 (Jan. 1996): 89–119.

Martin, Helmut. "Warum China in eine Phase der Stagnation geraten ist: Die Intellektuellenschelte des Dr. Liu Xiaobo." (Why China has landed in a phase of stagnation: Dr. Liu Xiaobo’s fulminations against the intellectuals). In China. Wege in die Welt: Festschrift für Wolfgang Franke zum 80. Geburtstag (China. Going out into the world: festive volume for Wolfgang Franke on the occasion of his 80th birthday), eds. Bernd Eberstein and Brunhild Staiger. Hamburg: Institut fuer Asienkunde, 1992, 103–124.

Sautman, Barry and Yan Hairong. "The 'Right Dissident': Liu Xiaobo and the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize." positions: east asia cultures critique 19, 2 (Fall 2010): 581-613.

Solomon, Jon. "The Sovereign Police and Knowledgeable Bodies: Liu Xiaobo's Exilic Critique of Politics and Knowledge." positions: east asia cultures critique 10, 2 (fall 2002): 399-430.

Liu Xiaofeng
Chong, Woei Lien. "Philosophy in An Age of Crisis. Three Thinkers in Post-Cultural Revolution China: Li Zehou, Liu Xiaobo and Liu Xiaofeng." In Woei Lien Chong ed., China’s Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: Master Narratives and Post-Mao Counternarratives. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002, 215-254.

Lin, Min and Maria Galikowski. "Individual Salvation and Ultimate Concerns: Liu Xiaofeng's Pursuit of Transcendent Human Universality." In Min Lin and Maria Galikowski, The Search for Modernity: Chinese Intellectuals and Cultural Discourse in the Post-Mao Era. NY: St. Martin's Press, 1999, 143-58.


Liu Xinglong
Feng, Xiaodong. “Liu Xinglong: From Country Boy to Witty Story Teller.” Tr. Wang Ying. Chinese Literature (Summer 1993): 63-66.

Liu Xinwu
Chao, Pien. "Liu Hsin-wu's Short Stories." Chinese Literature 1 (1979): 89-93.

Chen, Huiying. "The Three Lius of Jinsong: Liu Zaifu, Liu Xinwu, Liu Zhanqiu." Tr. Li Guoqing. Chinese Literature (Autumn 1989): 178-87.

Kam, Louie. "Youth and Education in the Short Stories of Liu Xinwu." Westerly 26, 3 (1981): 115-19. Rpt. in Louie, Between Fact and Fiction: Essays on Post-Mao Chinese Literature and Society. Sydney: Wild Peony, 1989, 14-20.

Liu Yazi
Liu Yazi website. Sponsored by Wujiang tushuguan [in Chinese]


Liu Yichang
Hsu, Amanda Yuk-kwan. "Reading Hong Kong Literature from the Periphery of Modern Chinese Literature: Liu Yichang Studies as an Example." Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 10, 1 (Summer 2010).

Larson, Wendy. "Liu Yichang's Jiutu: Literature, Gender and Fantasy in Contemporary Hongkong." Modern Chinese Literature 7, 1 (1993): 89-104.

Lo, Kwai-cheung. "Liu Yichang and the Temporalities of Capitalist Modernity." Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 10, 1 (Summer 2010).

Liu Zaifu
Chen, Huiying. "The Three Lius of Jinsong: Liu Zaifu, Liu Xinwu, Liu Zhanqiu." Tr. Li Guoqing. Chinese Literature (Autumn 1989): 178-87.

Gao Xingjian and Liu Zaifu. "Leaving the Twentieth Century Behind: A Conversation between Gao Xingjian and Liu Zaifu." Tr. Caroline Mason. China Perspectives 3 (2008): 118-22.

Lee, Mabel. "Walking Out of Other People's Prisons: Liu Zaifu and Gao Xingjian on Chinese Literature in the 1990s." Asian and African Studies 5 (1996): 98-112.

Liu, Kang. "Politics, Critical Paradigms: Reflections on Modern Chinese Literature Studies." Modern China 19, 1 (1993): 13-40.

Williams, Philip F. "The Rage for Postism and a Chinese Scholar's Dissent." Academic Questions 12, 1 (Winter 1998-99): 43-53. [discusses Liu Zaifu and various debates over modern Chinese literary theory].

Liu Zhenyun
Liu Zhenyun's Blog (Sina.com)

Yue, Gang. "Monument Revisited: Zheng Yi and Liu Zhenyun." In The Mouth that Begs: Hunger, Cannibalism, and the Politics of Eating in Modern China. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999, 228-62.

Lizilizilizi
Tian, Xiaofei. "Muffled Dialect Spoken by Green Fruit: An Alternative History of Modern Chinese Poetry." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 21, 1 (Spring 2009): 1-45.

Lu Bicheng
Fong, Grace S. "Alternative Modernities, or a Classical Woman of Modern China: The Challenging Trajectory of Lü Bicheng's (1883-1943) Life and Song Lyrics." Nan Nu: Men, Women, and Gender in China 6, 1 (2004).

Wu, Shengqing. "'Old Learning' and the Refeminization of Modern Space in the Lyric Poetry of Lü Bicheng." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 16, 2 (Fall 2004): 1-75.

Lu Heruo
Tarumi, Chie. "Listenting to Voices from the Netherworld: Lu Heruo and the Kuso-Realism Debate." Tr. Bert Scruggs. In Ping-hui Liao nad David Der-wei Wang, eds., Taiwan under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895-1945. NY: Columbia UP, 2006, 262-76.

Lu Ling
Denton, Kirk A. "Lu Ling's Literary Art: Myth and Symbol in Hungry Guo Su'e." Modern Chinese Literature 2, 2 (1986): 197-209.

-----. "Lu Ling's Children of the Rich: The Role of Mind in Social Transformation." Modern Chinese Literature 5, 2 (1989): 269-92.

-----. The Problematic of Self in Modern Chinese Literature: Hu Feng and Lu Ling. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

-----. "Lu Ling." In Dictionary of Literary Biography--Chinese Fiction Writers, 1900-1949. Ed. Thomas Moran. NY: Thomson Gale, 2007, 116-28.

Liu, Kang. "The Language of Desire in the Novels of Lu Ling, D.H.Lawrence, and Thomas Mann." Comparative Literature in China, 15.2 (1992): 57-74.

-----. "Mixed Style in Lu Ling's Novel Children of the Rich: Family Chronicle and Bildungsroman." Modern Chinese Literature 7, 1 (1993): 61-87.

-----. "The Language of Desire, Class, Subjectivity in Lu Ling's Fiction." In Lu Tonglin, ed. Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Chinese Literature and Society. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993, 67-84.

-----. "Revolution and Desire in Lu Ling's Fiction: Modern Chinese Literature in the 1940s." Chinese Culture 34, 3 (1993): 39-57.

-----. "Desire and Class Consciousness: The Fictional Worlds of Lu Ling, D. H. Lawrence, and Thomas Mann." In Proceedings of the ICLA '1991 Tokyo Congress, Vol. 1. Ziva Ben Porat and Hanna Wirth-Nesher, eds., Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1994:218-235.

Lyell, William. "Lu Ling's Wartime Novel: Hungry Guo Su'e." In La litterature chinoise au temps de la Geurre de resistance contre le Japon. Paris: Editions de la Fondation Singer-Polignac, 1982, 267-80.

Shu, Yunzhong. "Different Modes of Intellectual Intervention: Lu Ling's Short Stories." In Shu, Buglers on the Home Front: The Wartime Practice of the Qiyue School. Albany: SUNY Press, 2000, 107-28.

-----. "Manifestations of Self-Transcendence: Lu Ling's Children of Wealth." In Shu, Buglers on the Home Front: The Wartime Practice of the Qiyue School. Albany: SUNY Press, 2000, 1289-52.

Wang, David Der-wei. "Three Hungry Women." Boundary 2. Special Issue ed. Rey Chow. 25, 2 (Fall 1998): 47-76.

Lu Tianming
Kinkley, Jeffrey C. "Modernity and Apocalypse in Chinese Novels from the End of the Twentieth Century." In Charles Laughlin, ed., Contested Modernities in Chinese Literature. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, 101-20. [deals with Wang Lixiong's Yellow Peril, Lu Tianming's Heaven Above, Zhang Ping's Choice, and Mo Yan's Liquorland].

-----. "The Trendsetter: Lu Tianming's Heaven Above." In Kinkley, Corruption and Realism in Late Socialist China. Palo Alto: Stanford UP, 2007, 22-46. [Publisher's blurb]

Lu Wenfu
Wu, Tiachang. "Lu Wenfu and his Fiction." In Yang Bian, ed., The Time is Not Ripe: Contemporary China's Best Writers and Their Stories. Beijing: FLP, 1991, 149-54.

Lu Xinhua
Galik, Marian. "Lu Hsin-hua and Others: the Odyssey of 'Cultural Revolution.'" In Galik, ed., Milestones in Sino-Western Literary Confrontation (1898-1979). Weisbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1986, 243-54.


Lu Xun, see Lu Xun Studies Bibliography


Lu Yin
Feng, Jin. "Sentimental Autobiographies: Feng Yuanjun, Lu Yin and the New Woman." In Feng, The New Woman in Early Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2004, 126-148.

Hong, Jeesoon. Gendered Modernism of Republican China: Lu Yin, Ling Shuhua, and Zhang Ailing, 1920-1949. Ph. D. diss. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 2003.

Junkers, Elke. Leben und Werk der chinesichen Schrifstellerin Lu Yin (ca. 1899-1934) amhand ihrer Autobiographie. Munich: Minerva Publications, 1984.

Larson, Wendy. "Female Subjectivity and Gender Relations: The Early Stories of Lu Yin and Bing Xin." In X. Tang and L. Kang, eds. Politics, Ideology, and Literary Discourse in Modern China: Theoretical Interventions and Cultural Critique. Durham: Duke UP, 1993, 124-46.

Liu, Jianmei. “Feminizing Politics: Reading Bai Wei and Lu Yin.” Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 5, 2 (2002): 55-80.

Torgeson, Kristina M. "Lu Yin." In Dictionary of Literary Biography--Chinese Fiction Writers, 1900-1949. Ed. Thomas Moran. NY: Thomson Gale, 2007, 151-63.

Xiao Feng. Lu Yin zhuan (Biography of Lu Yin). Beijing: Beijing shifan daxue, 1982.

Luo Fu
Balcom, John. "To the Heart of Exile: The Poetic Odyssey of Luo Fu." In Christopher Lupke ed., New Perspectives on Contemporary Chinese Poetry, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, 65-84.

-----. "Lo Fu." Poetry International Web--China.

Luo Guangbin and Yang Yiyan.
Button, Peter. "Exemplarity in Luo Guangbin and Yang Yiyan's Hongyan: From White Terror to 'Red Classic.'" In Button, Configurations of the Real in Chinese Literary and Aesthetic Modernity. Leiden: Brill, 2009. [MCLC Resource Center Publications review by Thomas Moran]

Chao, Yang. "The Red Crag: A Modern Epic." Chinese Literatire 5 (May 1965): 89-97.

Luomen (Lomen)
Lin, Julia C. "Lomen: A Romantic 'Modernist.'" In Lin, Essays on Contemporary Chinese Poetry. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1985, 52-75.

Luo Qing
Allen, Joseph Roe, III. "Lo Ch'ing's Poetics of Integration: New Configurations of the Literati Tradition." Modern Chinese Literature 2, 2 (1986): 143-69.

-----. "The Postmodern (?) Misquote in the Poetry and Painting of Lo Ch'ing." World Literature Today 65 (1991): 421-426.

Manfredi, Paul. "Between Word and Image: Luo Qing and the Visual-Verbal Self-Portrait." Chinese Literature Today 2, 1 (2011): 50-59.

Marijnissen, Silvia. "'Made Things': Serial Form in Modern Poetry from Taiwan." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 13, 2 (Fall 2001): 172-206.


Luo Shu

Ma Guoming (John Ma Kwok Ming)
Chow, Rey. "Consumption and Eccentric Writing: Notes on Two Hong Kong Authors." Communal/Portal 7, 1 (1999): 45-58.

-----. "Thinking with Food, Writing Off Center: Notes on Two Hong Kong Authors." In Jing Tsu and David Der-wei Wang, eds., Global Chinese Literature: Critical Essays. Leiden: Brill, 2010, 133-55.

Ma Lihua
Yue, Gang. "Echoes from the Himalayas: The Quest of Ma Lihua, a Chinese Intellectual in Tibet." Journal of Contemporary China 13, 38 (Feb. 2004): 69-88. Rpt. in In Jie Lu, ed., China's Literary and Cultural Scene at the Turn of the 21st Century. NY: Routledge, 2008, 119-38.

Abstract: A long-time Han resident and a prominent writer in Tibet, Ma Lihua embodies a myriad of contradictions and dilemmas of Han Chinese intellectuals in Tibet. Her deep love of Tibetans and their rich culture coexists with her old-fashioned revolutionary idealism. Her cultural relativism enables her to understand the traditions and conditions of Tibet while her very work is part of the Chinese cultural mission to incorporate Tibet into the nation-state of the PRC. With a view to the political and social environment in which she writes, this essay provides a descriptive and sympathetic reading of her work on modern Tibetan literature and her encounters with, and reflections upon, modern Tibetan society.

Ma Yuan
Causer, Frances. "Daedalus Goes to Tibet, But What Exactly Is He Doing There? A Reading of the Chinese Avant-Garde Writer Ma Yuan's Novella Fabrication." Bulletin of Seikei University 29, 5 (July 1997): 1-57.

Yang, Xiaobin. "Narratatorial Parabasis and Mise-en-Abyme: Ma Yuan as a Model." In Yang, The Chinese Postmodern: Trauma and Irony in Chinese Avant-garde Fiction. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002, 153-67.

Zhao, Henry Y.H. "Ma Yuan the Chinese Fabricator." World Literature Today (Spring 1995): 312-16.


Mang Ke
Larson, Wendy. "The Spirit of the Countryside: Mang Ke's Wild Things and Wang Xiaobo's The Golden Years." In Larson, From Ah Q to Lei Feng: Freud and Revolutionary Spirit in 20th Century China. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2009, 115-54.


Mao Dun
Abbas, M. A. and Tak-wai Wong. "Mao Tun's 'Spring Silkworm': Rhetoric and Ideology." In Ying-hsiung Chou, ed., The Chinese Text: Studies in Comparative Literature. HK: The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986, 191-207.

Anderson, Marston. "Mao Dun, Zhang Tianyi, and the Social Impediments to Realism." In Anderson, The Limits of Realism: Chinese Fiction in the Revolutionary Period. Berkeley: UCP, 1990, 119-79.

Berninghausen, John. "The Central Contradiction in Mao Dun's [Mao Tun] Earliest Fiction." In Merle Goldman, ed., Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977, 233-59.

-----. "Mao Dun's Fiction, 1927-1936: The Standpoint and Style of His Realism." Ph.D. Dissertation. Stanford: Stanford University, 1979.

Bichler, Lorenz. "Conjectures on Mao Dun's Silence as a Novelist after 1949." In Raoul Findeisen and Robert Gassmann, eds., Autumn Floods: Essays in Honour of Marian Galik. Bern: Peter Lang, 1997, 195-206.

Chan Chingkiu Stephen. "Eros as Revolution: The Libidinal Dimension of Despair in Mao Dun's Rainbow." Journal of Oriental Studies 24, 1 (1986): 37-53.

Chen, Jianhua. "Mao Dun's Rainbow: A Modern Epic and Bildungsroman Novel in 20th-Century China." In Paolo Amalfitano and Loretta Innocenti, eds., L'Oriente Storia di una figura nelle arti occidentali (1700-2000) [The Orient: History of a Figure in Western Arts (1700-2000)] (Second Volume). Rome: Bulzoni Editore, 2007, 57-77.

-----. "An Archaeology of Repressed Popularity: Zhou Shoujuan, Mao Dun, and their 1920s Literary Polemics." In Carlos Rojas and Eileen Cheng-yin Chow, eds., Rethinking Chinese Popular Culture: Cannibalizations of the Canon. NY: Routledge, 2009, 91-114.

Chen, Susan Wolf. "Mao Tun the Translator." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 48 (1988): 71-94.

-----. "The Personal Element in Mao Tun's Early Fiction." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 43 (1983): 187-213.

Chen, Yu-shih. "False Harmony: Mao Dun on Women and Family." Modern Chinese Literature 7, 1 (1993): 131-52.

-----. Realism and Allegory in the Early Fiction of Mao Dun. Bloomington: IUP, 1986.

-----. “Image of the Fallen Woman and the Making of the Chinese Proletarian Consciousness: Mao Dun’s Shuizao xing (1936).” In Marian Galik, ed., Interliterary and Intraliterary Aspects of the May Fourth Movement 1919 in China. Bratislava: Veda, 1990, 155-66.

-----. "Mao Dun [Mao Tun] and the Use of Political Allegory in Fiction: A Case Study of His 'Autumn in Kuling.'" In Merle Goldman, ed., Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977, 261-80.

-----. "Mao Tun and The Wild Roses: A Study of the Psychology of Revolutionary Commitment." China Quarterly 78 (1979): 291-323.

Chung, Hilary. "Questing the Goddess: Mao Dun and the New Woman." In Findeison and Gassmann, eds., Autumn Floods: Essays in Honour of Marian Galik. Bern: Peter Lang, 1997.

-----. "Mao Dun, the Modern Novel, and the Representation of Women." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 405-410.

Fan, Jun. "Mao Dun, Master Craftsmen of Modern Chinese Literature." Tr. Niu Jin. In Mao, Dun. The Vixen. Beijing: Panda Books, 1987, 255-66.

Feng, Jin. "The Temptation and Salvation of the Male Intellectual: Mao Dun's Women Revolutionaries." In Feng, The New Woman in Early Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2004, 101-125

Feuerwerker, Yi-tsi Mei. ""The Dialectics of Struggle: Ideology and Realism in Mao Dun's 'Algae.'" In Theodore Huters, ed., Reading the Modern Chinese Short Story. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1990, 51-73.

Galik, Marian. Mao Tun and Modern Chinese Literary Criticism. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1969.

-----. “Autobiography in Flux: On Two Problematic Spots in Mao Dun’s Self-Portraits.” In Christina Neder et al. eds., China in Seinen Biographischen Dimension: Gedenkscrift fur Helmut Martin. Weisbaden: Harrossowitz Verlag, 2001, 105-12.

-----. "From Chung-tzu to Lenin: Mao Tun's Intellectual Development." Asian and African Studies 3 (1967): 98-110.

-----. "The Names and Pseudonyms Used by Mao Tun." Archiv Orientalni 31 (1968): 80-108.

-----. "Studies in Modern Chinese Literary Criticism: I. Mao Tun, 1919-1920." Asian and Afican Studies 3 (1967): 113-40.

-----. "Studies in Modern Chinese Literary Criticism: II. Mao Tun on Men of Letters, Character and Functions of Literature (1921-1922)." Asian and African Studies 4 (1968): 30-43.

------. "Mao Tun's Midnight: Creative Confrontation with Zola, Tolstoy, Wertherism and Nordic Mythology." In Galik, ed., Milestones in Sino-Western Literary Confrontation (1898-1979). Weisbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1986, 73-100.

-----. "Mao Tun's Struggle for a Realistic and Marxist Theory of Literature." In Galik, The Genesis of Modern Chinese Literary Criticism, 1917-1930. London: Curzon Press, 1980, 191-213.

Gruner, F. "Der Roman Tzu-yeh von Mao Tun--ein bedeutendes realistisches Werk der neuen chinesischen Literatur." Asian and African Studies (Bratislava) 11 (1975): 57-72.

Hsia, C.T. "Mao Tun (1896- )." In C.T. Hsia A History of Modern Chinese Fiction. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971, 140-64, 350-9.

Huters, Theodore. "Mao Dun's Fushi: The Politics of the Self." Modern Chinese Literature 5, 2 (1989): 242-68.

Idema, Wilt. "Mao Dun and Speenhoff, or how a fallen woman from Rotterdam started a new life in Shanghai." In Lloyd Haft, ed., Words from the West: Western Texts in Chinese Literary Context: essays to honor Erid Zurcher on his sixty-fifth birthday. Leiden: CNWS Publications, 1993, 35-47.

Kral, Oldrich. "Researches into Mao Dun's Aesthetics." Acta Universitatis Carolinae- Philologica. 2 (1965): 75-90.

Lau, Joseph S.M. "Naturalism in Modern Chinese Fiction." Literature East and West 12 (1968): 149-58.

Laughlin, Charles. "Mao Dun." In Dictionary of Literary Biography--Chinese Fiction Writers, 1900-1949. Ed. Thomas Moran. NY: Thomson Gale, 2007, 164-77.

Leung, Yiu-nam. "High Finance in Emile Zola and Mao Tun." In Masayuki Akiyama and Yiu-nam Leung, eds., Crosscurrents in the literatures of Asia and the West: Essays in Honor of A. Owen Aldridge. Newark: University of Delaware Press; London; Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 1997, 145-62.

Lin, Sylvia Li-chun. "Unwelcome Heroines: Mao Dun and Yu Dafu's Creations of a New Chinese Woman." Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 1, 2 (Jan. 1998): 71-94.

Mao Dun Biography (Pegasos Website, Findland)

McDougall, Bonnie S. "The Search for Synthesis: T'ien Han and Mao Tun in 1920." In A.R. Davis, ed., Search for Identity: Modern Literature and the Creative Arts in Asia. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1974, 225-54.

-----. "Dominance and Disappearance in May Fourth: A Post-Feminist Review of Fiction by Mao Dun and Ling Shuhua." In Raoul Findeisen and Robert Gassmann, eds., Autumn Floods: Essays in Honour of Marian Galik. Bern: Peter Lang, 1997, 283-306.

-----. "Disappearing Women and Disappearing Men in May Fourth Narrative: A Post-Feminist Survey of Short Stories by Mao Dun, Bing Xin, Ling Shuhua and Shen Congwen." In McDougall, Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the Twentieth Century. HK: Chinese University Press, 2003, 133-70.

Prusek, Jaroslav. "Mao Tun." In Three Sketches of Chinese Literature. Prague: Academia, 1969. Rpt. in The Lyrical and the Epic: Studies of Modern Chinese Literature. Bloomington: IUP,

Shen, Gloria. “A Theoretical Approach to Naturalism and the Modern Chinese Novel: Mao Tun as Critic and Novelist.” Tamkang Review 25, 2 (Winter 1994): 37-66.

Shih, Vincent Y.C. "Mao Tun: The Critic (Part I)." China Quarterly 19 (1964): 84-98.

-----. "Mao Tun: The Critic (Part II)." China Quarterly 20 (1964): 128-62.

Wang, David Der-wei. "Mao Tun and Naturalism: A case of 'Misreading' in Modern Chinese Literary Criticism." Monumenta Serica 37 (1986-87): 169-95.

-----. Fictional Realism in 20th-Century China: Mao Dun, Lao She, Shen Congwen. NY: Columbia UP, 1992. [chapters 2 and 3 deal with Mao Dun]

Wong, Tak-wai and M.A. Abbas. "Mao Tun's 'Spring Silkworms': Rhetoric and Ideology." In Ying-hsiung Chou, ed., The Chinese Text: Studies in Comparative Literature. HK: CUP, 1986, 191-207.

Xu, Jian. "Retrieving the Working Body in Modern Chinese Fiction: The Question of the Ethical in Representation." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 16, 1 (Spring 2004): 115-52. [deals with stories by Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Lao She, and Xiao Hong]

Yang, Richard H. "Midnight: Mao Tun's Political Novel." Review of National Literatures 4 (1975): 60-75. Rpt. in Paul K.T. Sih, ed., China's Literary Image. Jamaica, NY: St. John's University, 1975. .

Mao Zedong
Jin Chongji, ed. Mao Zedong zhuan (Biography of Mao Zedong). Beijing: Zhongyang wenxian, 1996. [an important state-sponsored biography]

Shaoshan Mao Zedong tushuguan (Shaoshan Mao Zedong Library) [with searchable database of the Mao Zedong wenji (Beijing: Renmin, 1993-)]

Zhang, Chunhou and E. Edwin Vaughan. Mao Zedong as Poet and Revolutionary Leader: Social and Historical Perspective. Lanham: Lexington Books, 202.

Meng Chao
Wagner, Rudolf. The Contemporary Chinese Historical Drama. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990, 306-12. [deals with Li Huiniang]

Meng Jinghui
Ferrari, Rossella. "Anarchy in the PRC: Meng Jinghui and His Adaptation of Dario Fo's Accidental Death of an Anarchist." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 17, 2 (2005): 1-48

-----. Pop Goes the Avant-garde: Meng Jinghui and Contemporary Chinese Avant-garde Theatre. PhD diss. London: SOAS, 2007.

Li, Xia. "Faust Made in China: Meng Jinghui and Shen Lin’s Irreverent Socio-Cultural Deconstruction of Goethe’s Iconic Masterpiece." Neohelicon 37, 2 (2010): 509-535.

"An Interview with Meng Jinghui." China Radio International-English (March 14, 2007).

Meng Yao
Edel Marie Lancashire. The Novels of Meng Yao. M.A. Thesis. University of Melbourne, Australia, 1969.

-----. "The Novels of Meng Yao." AUMLA, Journal of the Australasian Universities Language & Literature Association 34,
(Nov. 1970): 212-240.

-----. ""Meng Yao: A Tribute." Research Unit on Taiwanese Culture and Literature (Ruhr University Bochum) [online publication]

-----. "Women and Education--the Chinese Experience as Portrayed in the Novel Before Dawn (Limingqian) by Meng Yao." Taiwan Papers 3 (June 2002).

Mian Mian
Hillenbrand, Margaret. "Murakami Haruki in Greater China: Creative Responses and the Quest for Cosmopolitanism." Journal of Asian Studies 68, 3 (2009): 715-747. [deals in part with Mian Mian's fiction]

Jones, Gary. "The Vampire Chronicles." The Observer Magazine (23 May 1999).

Lu, Hongwei. "Body-Writing: Cruel Youth, Urban Linglei, and Special Economic Zone Syndrome in Mian Mian's Candy." Chinese Literature Today (Winter/Spring 2011): 40-47.

MianMian.com (Mian Mian's personal website)

Shao Yanjun. "A Study of the Phenomenon of 'Pretty Women's Writing': Weihui, Mianmian, Chunshu." Wasafiri 55 (2008): 13-18.

Mo Yan
Andro, Chantal. "La valorisation de l'enfance dans l'oeuvre de Mo Yan." In Andro, Annie Curien, and Cecile Sakai, eds., Tour et detours: Ecritures autobiographiques dans les litteratures chinoises and japonaises au XXe siecle. Publications Universitaires Denis Diderot, 1998, 191-230.

Braester, Yomi. "Mo Yan and Red Sorghum." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 541-45.

Cai, Rong. "Problematizing the Foreign Other: Mother, Father, and the Bastard in Mo Yan's Large Breasts and Full Hips." Modern China 29, 1 (Jan. 2003): 108-37.

Chan, Shelley W. "From Fatherland to Motherland: On Mo Yan's Red Sorghum and Big Breasts and Full Hips." World Literature Today 74, 3 (Summer 2000): 495-500.

-----. A Subversive Voice in China: The Fictional World of Mo Yan. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2011.

[Abstract: This book provides the most comprehensive exposition of Mo Yan's fiction in any language. . . . Chan delves into Mo Yan's entire collection of literary works, considering novels as well as short stories and novellas. In this analysis, Mo Yan's works are dealt with in a diachronic fashion--Chan discusses the development of Mo Yan's style throughout his career by considering themes that he has addressed in a variety of narratives over time. This provides the reader with valuable insight into understanding how individual narratives fit into the entire collection of Mo Yan's body of literary work. Scholars will also welcome the book's extensive reference to secondary scholarship and theory, which not only skillfully deals with the Chinese scholarship on Mo Yan but also thoroughly covers the English-language sources.]

Chen-Andro, Chantal. "Le Sorgho rouge de Mo Yan." In La Litterature chinoise contemporaine, tradition et modernite: colloque d'Aix-en-Provence, le 8 juin 1988. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l'Universite de Provence, 1989, 11-13.

Chen, Jianguo. "The Logic of the Phantasm: Haunting and Spectrality in Contemporary Chinese Literary Imagination." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 14, 1 (Spring 2002): 231-65. [deals with texts by Mo Yan, Chen Cun, and Yu Hua]

Chou, Ying-hsiung. "Romance of the Red Sorghum Family." Modern Chinese Literature 5, 1 (1989): 33-42.

Duke, Michael. "Past, Present, and Future in Mo Yan's Fiction of the 1980s." In Ellen Widmer and David Wang, eds., From May Fourth to June Fourth: Fiction and Film in Twentiety-Century China. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1993, 295-326.

Dutrait, Noel. "L'Ecriture moderniste de Mo Yan dans Le Pays de l'acool." In Annie Curien, ed., Ecrire au present: Debats litteraires franco-chinois. Paris: Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 2004, 231-40.

Fang, Jincai. The Crisis of Emasculation and the Restoration of Patriarchy in the Fiction of Chinese Contemporary Male Writers Zhang Xianliang, Mo Yan, and Jia Pingwa. Ph.D. Diss. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 2004.  

Feuerwerker, Yi-tsi Mei. "The Post-Modern 'Search for Roots' in Han Shaogong, Mo Yan, and Wang Anyi." In Feuerwerker, Ideology, Power, Text: Self-Representation and the Peasant "Other" in Modern Chinese Literature. Stanford: SUP, 1998, 188-238.

Goldblatt, Howard. "Forbidden Food: 'The Saturnicon' of Mo Yan." World Literature Today 74, 3 (Summer 2000): 477-86.

Guptak, Suman. "Li Rui, Mo Yan, Yan Lianke, and Lin Bai: Four Contemporary Chinese Writers Interviewed." Wasafiri 23, 3 (2008): 28-36.  

Huang, Alexander C. Y. "Mo Yan as Humorist." 83, 4 (2009): 32-35.

Inge, Thomas M. "Mo Yan and William Faulkner: Influence and Confluence." The Faulkner Journal 6, 1 (1990): 15-24.

-----. "Mo Yan Through Western Eyes." World Literature Today 74, 3 (Summer 2000): 501-06.

Kinkley, Jeffrey C. "Modernity and Apocalypse in Chinese Novels from the End of the Twentieth Century." In Charles Laughlin, ed., Contested Modernities in Chinese Literature. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, 101-20. [deals with Wang Lixiong's Yellow Peril, Lu Tianming's Heaven Above, Zhang Ping's Choice, and Mo Yan's Liquorland]

Kong, Haili. "The Spirit of 'Native-Soil' in the Fictional World of Duanmu Hongliang and Mo Yan." China Information 11, 4 (Spring 1997): 58-67.

Li, Xia. "Li Yidou's Credo: Intellectuals in the Post-Mao Literary and Cultural Landscape." Interlitteraria 1 (2009): 50-68.

Ling Tun Ngai. "Anal Anarchy: A Reading of Mo Yan's 'The Plagues of Red Locusts.'" Modern Chinese Literature 10, 1/2 (1998): 7-24.

Liu, Yiran. "The Writer Mo Yan as I Knew Him." Chinese Literature (Winter 1989): 32-42.

Lu, Tonglin. "Red Sorghum: Limits of Transgression." In X. Tang and L. Kang, eds. Politics, Ideology, and Literary Discourse in Modern China: Theoretical Interventions and Cultural Critique. Durham: Duke UP, 1993, 188-208. Rpt. in Lu Tonglin, Misogyny, Cultural Nihilism and Oppositional Politics: Contemporary Chinese Experimental Fiction. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995, 51-74.

Ng, Kenny K.K. "Critical Realism and Peasant Ideology: The Garlic Ballads by Mo Yan." Chinese Culture 39, 1 (1998): 109-46.

-----. "Metafiction, Cannibalism, and Political Allegory: Wineland by Mo Yan." Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 1, 2 (Jan. 1998): 121-48.

Stuckey, G. Andrew. "Memory or Fantasy? Honggaoliang's Narrator." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 18, 2 (Fall 2006): 131-62.

Tao, Yue. "The New Chineseness: Great Leap Forward or Backward?" IIAS Newsletter 37 (June 2005): 7.

Wang, David Der-wei. "Imaginary Nostalgia: Shen Congwen, Song Zelai, Mo Yan, and Li Yongping." In Ellen Widmer and David Wang, eds., From May Fourth to June Fourth: Fiction and Film in Twentiety-Century China. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1993, 107-132.

-----. "The Literary World of Mo Yan." World Literature Today 74, 3 (Summer 2000): 487-94.

Wickeri, Janice. "Introduction." In Mo Yan, Explosions and Other Stories. HK: Renditions Paperback, 1991, v-xii.

Wu, Yenna. "Pitfalls of the Postcolonialist Rubric in the Study of Modern Chinese Fiction Featuring Cannibalism: From Lu Xun's 'Diary of a Madman' to Mo Yan's Boozeland." Tamkang Review 30, 3 (Spring 2000): 51-88.

Yang, Xiaobin. "The Republic of Wine: An Extravaganza of Decline." Positions 6, 1 (1998): 7-31. Rpt. in In Yang, The Chinese Postmodern: Trauma and Irony in Chinese Avant-garde Fiction. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002, 207-29.

Yang Yang, ed. Mo Yan yanjiu ziliao (Research materials on Mo Yan). Tianjin: Tianjin renmin, 2005.

Yue, Gang. "From Cannibalism to Carnivorism: Mo Yan's Liquorland." In Yue, The Mouth that Begs: Hunger, Cannibalism, and the Politics of Eating in Modern China. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999, 262-88.

Zhang, Xudong. "Demonic Realism and the Socialist Market Economy: Language Game, Natural History, and Social Alleogory in Mo Yan's The Republic of Wine." In Zhang, Postsocialism and Cultural Politics: China in the Last Decade of the Twentieth Century. Durham: Duke UP, 2008, 240-65.

Zhang, Yinde. "The Fiction of Living Beings." China Perspectives 3 (2010):

Zhong, Xueping. "Zazhong gaoliang and the Male Search for Masculinity." In Masculinity Besieged? Issues of Modernity and Male Subjectivity in Chinese Literature of the Late Twentieth Century. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 119-49.

Zhu Binzhong, ed. Kuayue shikong de duihua--Fukena yu Mo Yan bijiao yanjiu (Dialogue transcending the boundaries of time and space: Faulkner and Mo Yan comparative research). Wuhan: Wuhan daxue, 2006.

Zhu, Ling. "A Brave New World? On the Construction of 'Masculinity' and 'Femininity' in The Red Sorghum Family." Lu Tonglin, ed. Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Chinese Literature and Society. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993, 121-34.

Mou Sen
Salter, Denis. "China's Theatre of Dissent: A Conversation with Mou Sen and Wu Wenguang." Asian Theatre Journal 13, 2 (1996): 218-22.

Mu Dan
Li, Shu-erh. "What Has 'Funeral Ode' Buried?" In Hualing Nieh, ed., Literature of the Hundred Flowers, Volume II: Poetry and Fiction. NY: Columbia UP, 1981, 124-28.

Mi, Jiayan. Self-Fashioning and Reflexive Modernity in Modern Chinese Poetry. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 2004.

[Abstract: This study explores diverse modes of self-fashioning in the discursive formation of Chinese modernity between 1919 and 1949 in modern Chinese poetry. By focusing on four representative poets of modern Chinese poetry before 1949—Guo Moruo, Li Jinfa, Dai Wangshu, and Mu Dan, the study offers fresh, insightful analysis of the dynamic trajectory of the historical complexity of fashioning a new modern self-subjectivity with relation to the nation-state. Theoretically informed by the varied perspectives of modernity, the self, the body, and memory, the author for the first time reveals how the corporeal body emerges as a site of agency, trauma, and libidinal investment for engaging with the configuration of a multi-layered self, gender, and nationhood in modern China. This work will make several significant contributions to enhancing readers’ understanding of the cultural and psychological complexity of modern China. This work will be of interest to teachers, students and scholars of modern Chinese literature and culture as well as comparative literature.]

Mu Mutian
Liu, David Jason. "Chinese 'Symbolist' Verse in the 1920's: Li Chin-fa and Mu Mu-t'ien." Tamkang Review 12, 3 (1981): 27-53.


Mu Shiying
Braester, Yomi. "Shanghai's Economy of Spectacle: The Shanghai Race Club in Liu Na'ou's and Mu Shiying's Stories." Modern Chinese Literature 9, 1 (1995): 39-58.

Lee, Haiyan. "Writing the Experience of Modernity: The Metropolis and the Modern Self in Mu Shiying's fiction." MA Thesis. Ithaca: Cornell University, 1996.

Lee, Leo Ou-fan. "Face, Body, and the City: The Fiction of Liu Na'ou and Mu Shiying." In Lee, Shanghai Modern: The Flowering of a New Urban Culture in China, 1930-1945. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1999, 190-231.

Liu, Jianmei. "Shanghai Variations on 'Revolution Plus Love.'" Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 14, 1 (Spring 2002): 51-92. [deals with texts by Shi Zhecun, Liu Na'ou, Mu Shiying, Zhang Ziping, and Ye Lingfeng]

Mak, Anthony Wan-hoi. The School of New Sensibilities in the 1930s: A Study of Liu Na'ou and Mu Shiying's Fiction. Ph.D. diss. University of Toronto, 1995.

Rosenmeier, Christopher John. Shanghai Avant-garde: The Fiction of Shi Zhecun, Mu Shiying, Xu Xu, and Wumingshi. Ph. D. diss. London: University of London, 2006.

Shih, Shu-mei. "Performing Semicolonial Subjectivity: The Work of Mu Shiying." In Shi, The Lure of the Modern: Writing Modernism in Semicolonial China, 1917-1937. Berkeley: UC Press, 2001, 302-38.

Williams, Philip F. "Pierrot Figures in the Modern Chinese Novella." Asian Review 9, 1 (1989): 21-24. [comparative analysis of works by Mu Shiying and Jiang Guangci].

-----. "Twentieth Century Chinese Fiction's Growing Tension Between Narrator and Implied Reader: The Case of Mu Shiying." Chinese Culture XL, 1 (March 1999): 71-84.

Zhang, Yingjin. The City in Modern Chinese Literature and Film. Stanford, Stanford UP, 1996, 154-85. [contains a section on Mu Shiying]

-----. "Mu Shiying." In Dictionary of Literary Biography--Chinese Fiction Writers, 1900-1949. Ed. Thomas Moran. NY: Thomson Gale, 2007, 178-82.


Mu Xin
Liu, Toming Jun. "A Dialogue with Mu Xin." Words Without Borders: The Online Magazine of International Literature. Originally published in slightly longer form in North Dakota Quarterly (Spring 1997): 19-28.


Murong Xuecun
Gentil, Sylvie. "Chengdu, Leave Me Alone Tonight or Life as a Drowning Experience." Chinese Cross Currents 1, 2 (2004): 58-69.

Nan Wei
Kuoshu, Harry. "Dramatizing Xianglin Sao: Light Cast on an Opage Figure." In Harry Kuoshu, Lightness of Being in China: Adaptation and Discursive Figuration in Cinema and Theater. NY: Peter Lang, 1999, 51-70. [in part about Nan Wei's dramatic adaptation of "Zhufu"]

Nie Gannu
Tian, Xiaofei. "Muffled Dialect Spoken by Green Fruit: An Alternative History of Modern Chinese Poetry." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 21, 1 (Spring 2009): 1-45.

Nie Hualing
Nazareth, Peter. "An Interview with the Chinese Author Hualing Nieh." World Literature Today 55,1 (Winter 1981): 10-18.

Wong, Sauling C. "The Stakes of Textual Border-Crossing: Hualing Niehh's Mulberry and Peach in Sinocentric, Asian American, and Feminist Critical Practices." In Kandice Chuh and Karen Shimakawa, eds., Orientations: Mapping Studies in the Asian Diaspora. Durham: Duke UP, 2001, 130-52.

Yu, Shiao-ling. "The Themes of Exile and Identity Crisis in Nie Hualing's Fiction." In Hsin-sheng C. Kao, ed., Nativism Overseas: Contemporary Chinese Women Writers. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993, 127-156.

Ouyang Jianghe
Kubin, Wolfgang. "Wolfgang Kubin on Ouyang Jianghe." Asymptote (Jan. 2012).

Ouyang Yu
Jacobs, Lyn. "About Face: Asian-Australians at Home." Australian Literary Studies 20, 3 (May 2002): 201-214.

Ommundsen, Wenche. "Not for the Faint-hearted: Ouyang Yu: The Angry Chinese poet." Meanjin 57, 3 (1998): 595-609

Qian, Chaoying. "Death in the 'New Chinese Literature' of Australia." In Wenche Ommundsen, ed., Bastard Moon: Essays on Chinese-Australian Writing. Melbourne: Otherland, 2001, 225-242.

Ouyang Yuqian
Braester, Yomi. "Rewriting Tradition, Misreading History: Twentieth-Century (Sub)versions of Pan Jinlian's Story." In Braester, Witness Against History: Literature, Film, and Public Discourse in Twentieth-Century China. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2003, 56-80. [deals with Wei Minglun's Pan Jinlian, as well as Ouyang Yuqian's play of the same title]

Shao, Qin. "The Mismatch: Ouyang Yuqian and Theater Reform in Nantong, 1919-1922." Chinoperl Papers 19 (1996): 39-66.

Ouyang Zi
Lindfors, Sally Ann. Private Lives: An Analysis of the Short Stories of Ouyang Tzu, a Modern Chinese Writer. Ph.D. diss. Austin: University of Texas, 1982.

Ping Jinya (or Wangzhu sheng)
Elvin, Mark. "The Crisis of Absurdity: Ping Jingya, Tides in the Human Sea." In Elvin, Changing Stories in the Chinese World. Stanford: SUP, 1997, 94-148.

Qian Xingcun (Ah Ying)
Galik, Marian. "Ch'ien Hsing-ts'un's Theory of Proletarian Realism and 'Literature of Power.'" In Galik, The Genesis of Modern Chinese Liteary Criticism (1917-1930). London: Curzon Press, 1980, 166-90.


Qian Zhongshu
Benicka, Jana. "Some Remarks on the Satirical in Qian Zhongshu's Novel Weicheng (Fortressed Beseiged). In Findeisen and Gassmann, eds., Autumn Floods Essays in Honor of Marian Galik. Bern: Peter Lang, 1997.

Chang, Shen Tai. "Reading Qian Zhongshu's 'God's Dream' as a Postmodern Text." CLEAR 16 (1994): 93-110.

Egan, Ronald. "Introduction." In Limited Views: Essays on Ideas and Letters. Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1998, 1-26.

Hsia, C.T. "Ch'ien Chung-shu." In C.T. Hsia. A History of Modern Chinese Fiction. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971, 432-60.

Hu, Dennis T. "A Linguistic-Literary Approach to Ch'ien Chung-shu's Novel Wei-ch'eng." Journal of Asian Studies 37 (1978): 427-443.

-----. A Linguistic-Literary Study of Ch'ien Chung-shu's Three Creative Works. Ph.D. Diss. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1977.

Huters, Theodore. Traditional Innovation: Qian Zhong-shu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) and Modern Chinese Letters. Ph.D. Diss. Stanford: Stanford University, 1977.

-----. "Illumination of Chinese Fictional Conventions in Qian Zhongshu's Weicheng." Selected Papers in Asian Studies 1 (1976): 50-60.

-----. Qian Zhongshu. Boston: Twayne, 1982.

-----. "In Search of Qian Zhongshu." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 11, 1 (Spring 1999): 193-99.

Linsley, Robert. "Qian Zhongshu and the Late, Late Modern." Yishu: Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art 1, 1 (Spring 2002): 60-67

Liu Haoming. "Jueshi yiren: zuo wei fan wenhua xianxiang de Qian Zhongshu" (Hunger artist: Qian Zhongshu as an anti-culture phenomenon). Tianya 3 (2005): 171-77.

Ma Guangyu. "Xie zai rensheng bian yanjiu zongshu" (A summary of studies on Written on the margins of life). In Tian Huilan, et.al., eds. Qian Zhongshu, Yang Jiang yanjiu ziliao ji (Collection of research materials on Qian Zhongshu and Yang Jiang). Wuhan: Huazhong Shifan daxue, 1990.

Mao, Yiran. "Introduction." In Cat: A Translation and Critical Introduction. HK: Joint Publishing, 2001, 17-46.

Rea, Christopher. "'Life, it's been said, is one big book...': One hundred years of Qian Zhongshu." The China Beat (Nov. 21, 2010).

Tian Huilan, Ma Guangyu, Chen Keyu, eds. Qian Zhongshu, Yang Jiang yanjiu ziliao ji (Collection of research materials on Qian Zhongshu and Yang Jiang). Wuhan: Huazhong shifan daxue, 1990.

Wong, Yoon Wah. “Symbolism in Qian Zhongshu’s Novel Fortress Besieged.” In Wong, Essays on Chinese Literature. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1988, 82-95.

Xia, Shi. "Wei Cheng: From an Elite Novel to a Popular Metaphor." The China Beat (June 27, 2008).

Yang, Xiaobing. "Qian Zhongshu." In Dictionary of Literary Biography--Chinese Fiction Writers, 1900-1949. Ed. Thomas Moran. NY: Thomson Gale, 2007, 183-91.

Yu, Hong. "Qian Zhongshu's Essays." In Martin Woesler, ed., The Modern Chinese Literary Essay: Defining the Chinese Self in the 20th Century. Bochum: Bochum UP, 2000, 147-69. [in German and Chinese].

Qiong Yao
Lang, Miriam. "Taiwanese Romance: San Mao and Qiong Yao." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 515-19.

-----. "San Mao and Qiong Yao: A 'Popular' Pair." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 15, 2 (Fall 2003): 76-120

Lin Fangmei. Social Change and Romantic Ideology: The Impact of the Public Industry, Family Organization and Gender Roles on the Reception and Interpretation of Romance Fiction in Taiwan. Ph. D. diss. University of Pennsylvania, 1992.

Nielsen, Inge. 2000. "Caught in the Web of Love. Intercepting the Young Adult Reception of Qiong Yao's Romances."Acta Orientalia Hungarica vol. LIII, nos. 3-4: 235-254.

Qin Shou'ou
Ng, Mau-sang. "Popular Fiction and the Culture of Everyday Life: A Cultural Analysis of Qin Shouou's Qiuhaitang." Modern China 20, 2 (April 1994): 131-56.

 
Qin Zhaoyang
Bordahl, Vibeke. "Before Silence: Qin Zhaoyang's Early Short Stories 1940-57." China Quarterly 110 (1987): 231-55.

-----. Along the Broad Road of Realism: Qin Zhaoyang's World of Fiction. London: Curzon, 1990.

King, Richard. "'Rightist' in the Wilderness: Qin Zhaoyang's Memories of His Twenty Years of Ostracism." Modern Chinese Literature Newsletter 6, 2 (1980): 11-21.


Qideng Sheng
Chen, Li-fen. "Form and Its Discontent: A Rereading of Ch-i-teng Sheng's Fiction." Modern Chinese Literature 6 1/2 (1992): 179-202.

-----. Fictionality and Reality in Narrative Discourse: A Reading of Four Contemporary Taiwanese Writers. Ph. D. diss. Seattle: University of Washington, 2000.[chapters on Ch'en Ying-chen, Ch'i-Teng Sheng, Wang Chen-ho, and Wang Wen-hsing; available through Dissertation.com]

Wang, C.H. "Fancy and Reality in Ch'i-teng Sheng's Fiction." In Jeannette Faurot, ed., Chinese Fiction from Taiwan: Critical Perspectives. Bloomington: IUP, 1980, 194-205.


Qiu Huadong
Lu, Jie. "Rewriting Beijing: A Spectacular City in Qiu Huadong's Urban Fiction." In Jie Lu, ed., China's Literary and Cultural Scene at the Turn of the 21st Century. NY: Routledge, 2008, 269-84.

Robin Visser. "Spaces of Disappearance: Aesthetic Responses to Contemporary Beijing City Planning." Journal of Contemporary China 13, 39 (May 2004): 277-310. [On Qiu Huadong's Chengshi zhanche (City Tank), Wang Xiaoshuai's Jidu hanleng (Frozen), and experimental art.]

-----. "Urban Ethics: Modernity and the Morality of Everyday Life." In Charles Laughlin, ed., Contested Modernities in Chinese Literature.New York: Palgrave, 2005. 193-216. [deals with fiction by Qiu Huadong (Yingyan), He Dun, and Zhu Wen].


Qiu Jin
Giles, Lionel. Ch'iu Chin: A Chinese Heroine. London: East and West, 1917.

Hieronymus, Sabine. "Qiu Jin (1875-1907)--A Heroine for all Seasons." In Mechthild Leutner and Nicola Spakowski, eds., Women in China: The Republican Period in Historical Perspective. Munster: Lit, 2005, 57-85.

Hong, Fan and J. A. Mangan. "A Martyr for Modernity: Qui Jin - Feminist, Warrior and Revolutionary." The International Journal of the History of Sport 18, 1 (March 2001): 27 - 54.

[Abtract: Qui Jin, at one level, was an oriental twentieth-century Judith, the mythical Jewish widow from Bethulia who cut off the head of Holofernes, the Assyrian general besieging the city, thus saving the Israelites from destruction. Qui Jin was, as Judith was, a self-reliant heroine who when others seemed 'helpless and demoralized… undertook to save them single-handedly', or in her case virtually single-handedly. This, of course, was both her making and her unmaking. In Chinese terms the story of Qui Jin, like the story of Judith if less famous, less publicised, more recent, is the story of an icon at once central and at the same time marginal to tradition. She contradicted the most cherished customs on Confucian Chinese culture. She was a radical force who thrust her way to the centre of the concentric circles of customs surrounding this culture and was pushed back to the margins by conservatism. Nevertheless Qui Jin was not without success. She challenged a long-established mythology of exclusively masterful patriarchy - and created a counter myth of purposeful patriotic feminism. She was a counter-cultural icon who changed perceptions of Chinese femininity. She gave courage, confidence and purpose to those women who came after her and absorbed her ambitions for modern Chinese womanhood. For them she was a modern national heroine and a personification of a modern nation of equal men and women. For Qui Jin the body was an instrument of female revolution to be trained, strengthened and prepared for confrontation. As a revolutionary militant she was a failure; as a revolutionary talisman she was a success. For the Chinese women of the 1911 Revolution hers was an exemplary emancipatory story: subscribe, struggle, sacrifice. Patriotism through feminism is the purpose. Her heroism was firmly outside the historic patriarchal order. Her adulation is thus all the more remarkable because of the profound traditions she rejected, the controversial mannerisms she adopted, the uncompromising attitudes she embraced. She eschewed motherhood, abandoned marriage, dismissed femininity, and yet won acclaim in the most traditional of cultures. Qui Jin was hardly a cynosure of universal acclaim but she was admired, respected and emulated by radical Chinese women and men seeking a new society accommodating women. Her modern feminism struggled to overcome an ancient patriarchy. Here was her appeal. She exuded no moral ambiguity. Consequently, if she was demonized by the conventional; she was deified by the radical - and inspired them as the contemplated and attempted to construct the future. There is a point, of course, that should not be overlooked. Qui Jin, in fact, is not divorced from occidental culture and political iconography. Qui Jin is closely associated with the attitudes, aspirations and fantasies of modern Western feminism. As Margarita Stocker observes, a 'romantic heroine, angry feminist, radical, activist is… one example of a pervasive figure', in modern Western cultural mythology 'a figure we may sum up as the Woman with a Gun'. Force, that potent means to power, is available to the gun user irrespective of age of sex, with a resulting 'crucial alteration in the sexual politics of violence'. The Woman with a Gun can now be emphatically heroic - without duplicity, without deceitfulness, without subterfuge. Moral ambiguity in action has been abandoned. She becomes an unambiguous potent force - an armed woman faces an armed man on equal terms - physically, psychologically, morally. Equality offers the legal right and responsibility to kill in the name of patriotism. Modern culture has just caught up with Qui Jin.

Hsu, C.Y. "Ch'iu Chin, Revolutionary Martyr." Asian Culture Quarterly 22, 2 (1994): 75-94.

Hu, Ying. "Writing Qiu Jin's Life: Wu Zhiying and Her Family Learning." Late Imperial China 25, 2 (Jan. 2005): 119-60.

-----. "Qiu Jin's Nine Burials: The Making of Historical Monuments and Public Memory." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 19, 1 (Spring 2007): 138-91.

Martin, Dorothea A.L. "Guest Editor's Introduction." Special issue on Qiu Jin. Chinese Studies in History 34, 2 (Winter 2000-01): 10-19.

Rankin, Mary Backus. "The Emergence of Women at the End of the Ch'ing: The Case of Ch'iu Chin." In M. Wolf and R. Witke, ed., Women in Chinese Society. Stanford: SUP, 1975, 39-66.

Tao, Chia-lin Pao. "Historical Introduction." Special issue on Qiu Jin. Chinese Studies in History 34, 2 (Winter 2000-01): 5-7.

Yan, Haiping. "Qiu Jin and Her Imaginary." In Yan, Chinese Women Writers and the Feminist Imagination, 1905-1948. London: Routledge, 2006, 33-68.


Qiu Miaojin
Martin, Fran. "Stigmatic Bodies: The Corporeal Qiu Miaojin." In Martin and Larissa Heinrich, eds., Embodied Modernities: Corporeality, Representation, and Chinese Cultures. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2006, 177-94.


Qu Bo
Hegel, Robert. "Making the Past Serve the Present in Fiction and Drama: From the Yan'an Forum to the Cultural Revolution." In Bonnie S. McDougall ed., Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1979. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984, 197-223. [see in particular pages 214-223]

Van Fleit Hang, Krista. "The Heart of the Party: Language, Gender, and Power in Tracks in the Snowy Forest." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 21, 1 (Spring 2009): 72-101.

Wu Yan. Tan Linhai xueyuan (On Tracks in the Snowy Forest). Shanghai: Xin wenyi, 1958.


Qu Qiubai
Galik, Marian. "Ch'u Ch'iu-pai's Russian Example and the Concept of Reality in Literature and Art." In Galik, The Genesis of Modern Chinese Liteary Criticism (1917-1930). London: Curzon Press, 1980, 214-35.

Hsia, T. A. "Ch'u Ch'iu-po: The Making and Destruction of a Tenderhearted Communist." In Hsia, The Gate of Darkness: Studies on the Leftist Literary Movement. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1968, 3-54.

Hu, Ying. "Qiu Jin's Nine Burials: The Making of Historical Monuments and Public Memory." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 19, 1 (Spring 2007): 138-91.

Knight, Nick. "The Dilemma of Determinism: Qu Qiubai and The Origins of Marxist Philosophy in China." China Information 13, 4 (Spring 1999).

Nozawa, Toshitaka. "A Note on Ch'u Ch'iu-pai's 'Irrelevant Remarks.'" Language and Culture 4 (1983): 31-72.

Pickowicz, Paul. "Lu Xun through the Eyes of Qu Qiubai: New Perspectives on Chinese Marxist Literary Polemics of the 1930s." Modern China 2, 2 (April 1976): 327-68

-----. "Qu Qiubai's Critique of the May Fourth Generation: Early Chinese Marxist Literary Criticism." In M. Goldman, ed., Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977, 351-81.

-----. Marxist Literary Thought in China: The Influence of Ch'u Ch'iu-pai. Berkeley: UCP, 1981.

Tian, Chengshan. "Qu Qiubai's Reading of Marxian 'Dialectics.'" Monumenta Serica 54 (2006): 299-309.

Villard, Florent. Le Gramsci de Chine Qu Qiubai: penseur de la modernité culturelle. Lyon: Editions Tigre de Papier, 2009.

Widmer, Ellen. "Qu Qiubai and Russian Literature." In Merle Goldman, ed., Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1977, 103-26.